Fractures of the distal phalanx and associated soft tissue and osseous abnormalities in 22 horses with ossified sclerotic ungual cartilages diagnosed with magnetic resonance imaging.
Abstract: Ungual cartilage ossification in the forelimb is a common finding in horses. Subtle abnormalities associated with the ungual cartilages can be difficult to identify on radiographs. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging findings of 22 horses (23 forelimbs) with a fracture of the distal phalanx and ossified ungual cartilage were characterized and graded. All horses had a forelimb fracture. Eleven involved a left forelimb (seven medial; four lateral), and 12 involved a right forelimb (five medial; seven lateral). All fractures were nonarticular, simple in configuration, and nondisplaced. The fractures were oriented in an axial proximal to abaxial distal and palmar to dorsal direction, and extended from the base of the ossified ungual cartilage into the distal phalanx. The fracture involved the fossa of the collateral ligament on the distal phalanx in 17 of 23 limbs. The palmar process and ossified ungual cartilage was abnormally mineralized in all horses. Ligaments and soft tissues adjacent to the ossified ungual cartilages were affected in all horses. The routine site of fracture in this study at the base of the ossified ungual cartilage extending into the distal phalanx suggests a biomechanical cause or focal stress point from cycling. The ligamentous structures associated with the ungual cartilages were often affected, showed altered signal intensity as well as enlargement and were thought to be contributing to the lameness. In conclusion, ossified ungual cartilages may lead to fracture of the palmar process of the distal phalanx and injury of the ungual cartilage ligaments.
© 2011 Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound.
Publication Date: 2011-05-20 PubMed ID: 21599792DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-8261.2011.01813.xGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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Summary
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The research article investigates the relationship between ossified ungual cartilages, a common condition in horses, and fractures in the distal phalanx alongside related soft tissue and bone abnormalities. Using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the study analysed specific characteristics of these issues in 22 horses.
Study Methodology
- The subjects of the study were 22 horses presenting a total of 23 forelimb cases of ossified ungual cartilage and fracture of the distal phalanx. The researchers analyzed the MRI findings for each case to determine the characteristics and severity of the conditions.
- The fractures under study were nonarticular, simple, and nondisplaced, with common orientation and extension from the base of the ossified ungual cartilage into the distal phalanx.
- The study participants included horses with fractures in both the left and right forelimbs, impacting either the medial or the lateral side.
Key Findings
- The researchers found abnormal mineralization in the palmar process and ossified ungual cartilage in each horse under study. This abnormality indicates the pervasive effect of ungual cartilage ossification on the bone health of the afflicted horses.
- A significant finding was the impact on ligaments and soft tissues adjacent to the ossified ungual cartilages in all the horses. The presence of altered signal intensity, enlargement, and suspected contribution to lameness in the ligamentous structures associated with the ungual cartilages suggests these issues could be complications related to the primary condition of ossification.
- A recurring point of fracture in this study was at the base of the ossified ungual cartilage extending into the distal phalanx. This consistent fracture location suggests that biomechanical causes or repeated stress points arising from movement could be responsible.
Conclusion
- The study concluded that the presence of ossified ungual cartilages in horses can lead to significant implications, including the fracture of the palmar process of the distal phalanx and associated injury to the ungual cartilage ligaments.
- The findings underscore the importance of regular diagnostic imaging, such as MRI, to detect and address subtle bone and soft tissue abnormalities associated with ossified ungual cartilages, that can lead to common fractures and subsequent complications.
Cite This Article
APA
Selberg K, Werpy N.
(2011).
Fractures of the distal phalanx and associated soft tissue and osseous abnormalities in 22 horses with ossified sclerotic ungual cartilages diagnosed with magnetic resonance imaging.
Vet Radiol Ultrasound, 52(4), 394-401.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-8261.2011.01813.x Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Cartilage / pathology
- Foot Diseases / diagnosis
- Foot Diseases / veterinary
- Fractures, Bone / complications
- Fractures, Bone / diagnosis
- Fractures, Bone / veterinary
- Hoof and Claw / pathology
- Horse Diseases / diagnosis
- Horse Diseases / etiology
- Horses
- Lameness, Animal / complications
- Lameness, Animal / diagnosis
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging / methods
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging / veterinary
- Ossification, Heterotopic / complications
- Ossification, Heterotopic / diagnosis
- Ossification, Heterotopic / veterinary
- Sclerosis
Citations
This article has been cited 2 times.- Mizobe F, Nomura M, Kanai K, Ishikawa Y, Yamada K. Standing magnetic resonance imaging of distal phalanx fractures in 6 cases of Thoroughbred racehorse. J Vet Med Sci 2019 May 11;81(5):689-693.
- Colla S, Johnson JW, McGilvray KC, Zanotto GM, Seabaugh KA. Biomechanical Assessment of the Collateral Ligament of the Distal Interphalangeal Joint of the Horse Following Alterations to the Palmar Angle-A Cadaveric Study. Animals (Basel) 2025 Feb 1;15(3).
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