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Home / Equine Research Bank / Animals (Basel) / Free Faecal Water: Analysis of Horse Faecal Microbiota and t...
Animals : an open access journal from MDPI2021; 11(10); 2776; doi: 10.3390/ani11102776

Free Faecal Water: Analysis of Horse Faecal Microbiota and the Impact of Faecal Microbial Transplantation on Symptom Severity.

Abstract: Free faecal water (FFW) in equines results in pollution of the hindquarters and tail and can also involve clinical signs. Though the cause of FFW is unknown, it was hypothesized that it may involve the gut microbiota. This hypothesis was addressed as follows. First, the faecal prokaryotic community composition of horses suffering from FFW relative to healthy controls ( = 10) was compared. Second, FFW horses were treated with a standardised faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) protocol ( = 10), followed by assessment of FFW symptom severity and faecal prokaryotic community composition over a follow-up period of 168 days. No significant differences were found in the faecal microbiota composition of FFW horses compared to healthy controls ( > 0.05). Relative to before FMT, FFW symptom severity decreased in affected horses 14 days after FMT ( = 0.02) and remained decreased for the remainder of the study ( < 0.02). However, individual animal responses to FMT varied. FMT had no effect on FFW horse faecal prokaryotic community composition in terms of alpha or beta diversity. Alpha diversity of the donor inocula used in the FMT was always lower than that of the faecal microbiota of the FFW treated horses ( < 0.001). In conclusion, whilst findings indicate FFW horses do not have an altered hindgut microbiota, some horses that received FMT had a temporary alleviation of FFW symptom severity without causing changes in the faecal microbiota. Future studies using controls are now needed to confirm the effectiveness of FMT to treat FFW.
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Publication Date: 2021-09-23 PubMed ID: 34679798PubMed Central: PMC8533009DOI: 10.3390/ani11102776Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article discusses a study conducted to determine whether the severity of Free Faecal Water (FFW) symptoms in horses is influenced by their gut microbiota and whether transplantation of faecal microbiota (FMT) could potentially alleviate these symptoms.

Research Purpose and Methodology

  • The primary aim of the research was to explore a potential link between FFW, a condition in horses often associated with dirty hindquarters, and the composition of the gut microbiota. It was hypothesized that the cause of FFW may be associated with an imbalance in the gut microbiota.
  • To examine this, the researchers first compared the faecal prokaryotic community composition of horses suffering from FFW to that of healthy horses.
  • Secondly, they set up an experiment involving the treatment of FFW horses with a standardized faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) protocol. This was done to assess whether changing the gut microbiota via FMT would have any effect on the severity of FFW symptoms.
  • The outcomes were measured over a subsequent follow-up period of 168 days. Outcomes examined included FFW symptom severity and changes, if any, in the faecal prokaryotic community composition of the FFW horses.

Study Findings and Conclusions

  • The results indicated that there were no significant differences in the composition of the gut microbiota of FFW horses compared to healthy horses. Therefore, it seemed unlikely that the cause of FFW was connected to the gut microbiota.
  • However, the study found that the severity of FFW symptoms decreased in some horses 14 days post-FMT and remained decreased for the duration of the study. The effect of FMT varied among individual horses.
  • Intriguingly, the study found that FMT did not lead to any measurable changes in the faecal microbiota of FFW horses, in terms of alpha or beta diversity.
  • Furthermore, the alpha diversity of the donor inocula used in the FMT was consistently lower than that of the faecal microbiota of the treated FFW horses.
  • The study concludes by indicating that while FFW may not be linked to changes in the gut microbiota, some horses that received FMT experienced a temporary easing of FFW symptoms. However, the authors also call for further controlled studies to confirm the effectiveness of FMT in treating FFW.

Cite This Article

APA
Laustsen L, Edwards JE, Hermes GDA, Lúthersson N, van Doorn DA, Okrathok S, Kujawa TJ, Smidt H. (2021). Free Faecal Water: Analysis of Horse Faecal Microbiota and the Impact of Faecal Microbial Transplantation on Symptom Severity. Animals (Basel), 11(10), 2776. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11102776

Publication

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
ISSN: 2076-2615
NlmUniqueID: 101635614
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 11
Issue: 10
PII: 2776

Researcher Affiliations

Laustsen, Louise
  • Department of Veterinary Education, Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Neston CH64 7TE, UK.
Edwards, Joan E
  • Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Hermes, Gerben D A
  • Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Lúthersson, Nanna
  • Hestedoktoren, 4360 Kirke Eskilstrup, Denmark.
van Doorn, David A
  • Department of Clinical Sciences, Equine Health, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands.
  • Department Population Health Sciences, Farm Animal Health, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Okrathok, Supattra
  • Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
  • School of Animal Technology and Innovation, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand.
Kujawa, Theresa J
  • Department Population Health Sciences, Farm Animal Health, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands.
  • Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Smidt, Hauke
  • Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The funders played no role in the study design nor in the collection, analysis and interpretation of data, nor in the decision to submit the manuscript for publication. L.L. discloses employment by ScanVet Animal Health, who also financially supported the study. N.L. discloses co-ownership of the equine veterinary clinic Hestedoktoren, where all the FFW horses were treated as patients under her care. J.E.E. discloses employment by Palital Feed Additives during manuscript preparation. None of the other authors have any other financial or personal relationships that could inappropriately influence or bias the content of the paper.

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