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Frontiers in veterinary science2018; 5; 288; doi: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00288

Galectins-1 and-3 Increase in Equine Post-traumatic Osteoarthritis.

Abstract: Galectins are potent regulators of cell adhesion, growth and apoptosis in diverse cell types, including chondrocytes and synovial fibroblasts. Elevations in synovial fluid galectin-3 have been observed in rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis and experimental inflammatory arthritis in animal models, whereas galectin-1 is thought to be protective. Less is known about galectins-1 and-3 in osteoarthritis (OA). Therefore, the purpose of this study was: (1) to determine whether galectin-1 and-3 synovial fluid concentrations and synovial membrane and cartilage histochemical staining were altered following osteochondral injury in an experimental equine osteoarthritis (OA) model and (2) to measure galectin-1 and-3 mRNA expression and synovial fluid concentrations in naturally occurring equine carpal OA. Synovial fluid galectin-1 and-3 concentrations were quantified using custom ELISAs in two research horse cohorts undergoing experimental OA induction ( = 5 and 4) and in a cohort of horses with naturally occurring carpal OA ( = 57). Galectin mRNA expression in synovial membrane and cartilage tissue obtained from carpal joints of horses with naturally occurring OA was measured using RT-qPCR, and galectin immunostaining was assessed in synovial membrane and osteochondral tissues in the experimental model ( = 5). Synovial fluid galectin-1 and-3 concentrations increased following experimental carpal osteochondral fragmentation. Cartilage galectin-1 mRNA expression increased with OA severity in naturally occurring disease. The superficial zone of healthy articular cartilage stained intensely for galectin-3 in sham-operated joints, whereas galectin-1 staining was nearly absent. Chondrocyte galectin-1 and-3 immunoreactivity increased following cartilage injury, particularly in galectin-1 positive chondrones. Galectins-1 and-3 are present in healthy equine synovial fluid and increase following post-traumatic OA. Healthy superficial zone chondrocytes express galectin-3, whereas galectin-1 chondrocyte staining is limited predominantly to chondrones and injured cartilage. Further work is needed to clarify the functions of galectins-1 and-3 in healthy and OA joints.
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Publication Date: 2018-11-20 PubMed ID: 30525048PubMed Central: PMC6256174DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00288Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research paper indicates that galectins-1 and-3, which help regulate cell behavior, increase after a traumatic joint injury, a development associated with the development of osteoarthritis (OA) in horses.

Research Approach

  • The purpose of the study was two-fold: firstly, to establish if galectin-1 and-3 concentrations, alongside their histochemical staining in the cartilage and synovial membrane, change post osteochondral injury using an equine osteoarthritis model; secondly, to measure galectin-1 and-3 mRNA expression and its concentration in synovial fluid from naturally occurring equine carpal OA.
  • The researchers conducted their study in two horse cohorts where experimental OA had been induced. They also had a cohort of horses with naturally occurring carpal OA.
  • The concentrations of galectin-1 and-3 in synovial fluid were quantified through custom enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). Galectin mRNA expression in synovial membrane and cartilage tissue from horses with naturally occurring OA was measured using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Histochemical staining for galectin was assessed in synovial membrane and osteochondral tissues in the experimental model.

Key Findings

  • The researchers found that both galectin-1 and-3 concentrations increased post-traumatic osteochondral fragmentation. This suggests a role in injury response and potentially OA development.
  • The GALECTIN-1 mRNA in cartilage tissue showed elevated levels in direct relation to OA severity in naturally occurring disease. Thus, galectin-1 might be integral to the OA disease process.
  • Healthy articular cartilage showed intense galectin-3 presence, whereas galectin-1 was nearly absent. When cartilage was injured, both galectin-1 and-3 increased, suggesting their role in injury or repair processes at play in cartilage tissue.

Research Conclusions and Implications

  • Galectin-1 and-3, present in the synovial fluid of healthy horses, increased after traumatic joint injury, potentially implicating them in the ensuing OA development.
  • Further investigation is still required to establish the exact function of galectin-1 and-3 in normal and OA horse joints.
  • The results could potentially guide future therapeutic interventions targeting galectins-1 and-3 to halt or prevent osteoarthritis progression in horses, and potentially in humans, if found to be a shared physiological response.

Cite This Article

APA
Reesink HL, Nixon AJ, Su J, Liu S, Sutton RM, Mann S, Watts AE, Peterson RP. (2018). Galectins-1 and-3 Increase in Equine Post-traumatic Osteoarthritis. Front Vet Sci, 5, 288. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2018.00288

Publication

Frontiers in veterinary science
ISSN: 2297-1769
NlmUniqueID: 101666658
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 5
Pages: 288
PII: 288

Researcher Affiliations

Reesink, Heidi L
  • Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States.
Nixon, Alan J
  • Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States.
Su, Jin
  • Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States.
Liu, Sherry
  • Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States.
Sutton, Ryan M
  • Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States.
Mann, Sabine
  • Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States.
Watts, Ashlee E
  • Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States.
Peterson, Ryan P
  • Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States.

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