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Animals : an open access journal from MDPI2022; 13(1); 4; doi: 10.3390/ani13010004

Gene Expression Profiles of the Immuno-Transcriptome in Equine Asthma.

Abstract: Mild equine asthma (MEA) and severe equine asthma (SEA) are two of the most frequent equine airway inflammatory diseases, but knowledge about their pathogenesis is limited. The goal of this study was to investigate gene expression differences in the respiratory tract of MEA- and SEA-affected horses and their relationship with clinical signs. Methods: Clinical examination and endoscopy were performed in 8 SEA- and 10 MEA-affected horses and 7 healthy controls. Cytological and microbiological analyses of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid were performed. Gene expression profiling of BAL fluid was performed by means of a custom oligo-DNA microarray. Results: In both MEA and SEA, genes involved in the genesis, length, and motility of respiratory epithelium cilia were downregulated. In MEA, a significant overexpression for genes encoding inflammatory mediators was observed. In SEA, transcripts involved in bronchoconstriction, apoptosis, and hypoxia pathways were significantly upregulated, while genes involved in the formation of the protective muco-protein film were underexpressed. The SEA group also showed enrichment of gene networks activated during human asthma. Conclusions: The present study provides new insight into equine asthma pathogenesis, representing the first step in transcriptomic analysis to improve diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for this respiratory disease.
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Publication Date: 2022-12-20 PubMed ID: 36611613PubMed Central: PMC9817691DOI: 10.3390/ani13010004Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article focuses on investigating the differences in gene expression in the respiratory tracts of horses affected by mild and severe equine asthma. It aims to enhance understanding of the diseases’ pathogenesis which may help improve diagnostic and therapeutic practices.

Research Methods

The research involved a clinical examination and endoscopy performed on 18 horses (8 affected by severe equine asthma (SEA) and 10 by mild equine asthma (MEA)) alongside with 7 healthy controls. The bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid from these horses was subjected to cytological and microbiological analyses. The gene expression profiling of this fluid was achieved using a custom oligo-DNA microarray.

  • The cytological and microbiological analyses of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid were performed to study cell types and detect possible infectious agents, respectively.
  • An oligo-DNA microarray, a biochip that allows the detection of gene expression levels, was used for gene expression profiling.

Results and Findings

Remarkable findings from the study involve changes in the expression of several genes related to:

  • Genesis, length, and motility of respiratory epithelium cilia: This group of genes was found to be downregulated in both forms of equine asthma, marring the normal functioning of the cilia in the respiratory tract.
  • Inflammatory mediators: Overexpression of genes encoding these mediators was observed in MEA.
  • Bronchoconstriction, apoptosis, and hypoxia pathways: In SEA, these were significantly upregulated, leading to severe asthma symptoms such as narrowed airways, cell death, and low oxygen levels in the body.
  • Formation of a protective muco-protein film: The genes involved in this process were underexpressed in SEA, implying a compromised defense mechanism in the airways of severely asthmatic horses.

Conclusions

The study made new strides in understanding equine asthma pathogenesis, revealing distinct differences in gene expressions in horses suffering from mild and severe forms of the disease. These insights mark a major step forward in transcriptomic analysis’ role in diagnosing and treating this prevalent equine respiratory disease.

Cite This Article

APA
Padoan E, Ferraresso S, Pegolo S, Barnini C, Castagnaro M, Bargelloni L. (2022). Gene Expression Profiles of the Immuno-Transcriptome in Equine Asthma. Animals (Basel), 13(1), 4. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13010004

Publication

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
ISSN: 2076-2615
NlmUniqueID: 101635614
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 13
Issue: 1
PII: 4

Researcher Affiliations

Padoan, Elisa
  • Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Italy.
Ferraresso, Serena
  • Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Italy.
Pegolo, Sara
  • Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Italy.
Barnini, Carlo
  • Equine Hospital Padova, 35010 Limena, Italy.
Castagnaro, Massimo
  • Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Italy.
Bargelloni, Luca
  • Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Italy.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Citations

This article has been cited 3 times.
  1. Woodrow JS, Sheats MK, Cooper B, Bayless R. Asthma: The Use of Animal Models and Their Translational Utility. Cells 2023 Apr 5;12(7).
    doi: 10.3390/cells12071091pubmed: 37048164google scholar: lookup
  2. Bartenschlager F, Kuropka B, Schmitz P, Dumke F, Landmann K, Gruber AD, Weise C, Schnabel CL, Gehlen H, Mundhenk L. Proteomic profiling of equine airway mucus reveals compositional changes in asthmatic phenotypes. Sci Rep 2026 Feb 10;16(1):5880.
    doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-38766-3pubmed: 41667845google scholar: lookup
  3. Conley HE, Davis KU, Adler KB, Lavoie JP, Sheats MK. MARCKS protein is a potential target in a naturally occurring equine model of neutrophilic asthma. Respir Res 2025 Apr 2;26(1):126.
    doi: 10.1186/s12931-025-03194-wpubmed: 40176021google scholar: lookup
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