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Parasites & vectors2021; 14(1); 80; doi: 10.1186/s13071-021-04584-x

Global distribution, host range and prevalence of Trypanosoma vivax: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Abstract: Trypanosomosis caused by Trypanosoma vivax is one of the diseases threatening the health and productivity of livestock in Africa and Latin America. Trypanosoma vivax is mainly transmitted by tsetse flies; however, the parasite has also acquired the ability to be transmitted mechanically by hematophagous dipterans. Understanding its distribution, host range and prevalence is a key step in local and global efforts to control the disease. Methods: The study was conducted according to the methodological recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist. A systematic literature search was conducted on three search engines, namely PubMed, Scopus and CAB Direct, to identify all publications reporting natural infection of T. vivax across the world. All the three search engines were screened using the search term Trypanosoma vivax without time and language restrictions. Publications on T. vivax that met our inclusion criteria were considered for systematic review and meta-analysis. Results: The study provides a global database of T. vivax, consisting of 899 records from 245 peer-reviewed articles in 41 countries. A total of 232, 6277 tests were performed on 97 different mammalian hosts, including a wide range of wild animals. Natural infections of T. vivax were recorded in 39 different African and Latin American countries and 47 mammalian host species. All the 245 articles were included into the qualitative analysis, while information from 186 cross-sectional studies was used in the quantitative analysis mainly to estimate the pooled prevalence. Pooled prevalence estimates of T. vivax in domestic buffalo, cattle, dog, dromedary camel, equine, pig, small ruminant and wild animals were 30.6%, 6.4%, 2.6%, 8.4%, 3.7%, 5.5%, 3.8% and 12.9%, respectively. Stratified according to the diagnostic method, the highest pooled prevalences were found with serological techniques in domesticated buffalo (57.6%) followed by equine (50.0%) and wild animals (49.3%). Conclusions: The study provides a comprehensive dataset on the geographical distribution and host range of T. vivax and demonstrates the potential of this parasite to invade other countries out of Africa and Latin America.
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Publication Date: 2021-01-25 PubMed ID: 33494807PubMed Central: PMC7830052DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-04584-xGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article
  • Meta-Analysis
  • Systematic Review

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article discusses the global spread, host variety, and prevalence of Trypanosoma vivax, a parasite causing trypanosomiasis in livestock primarily in Africa and Latin America. This parasite can be transmitted through tsetse flies and certain Dipteran species. The study aims to understand these aspects of the parasite to better control the disease it causes.

Methodology

  • The researchers conducted the study according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) checklist.
  • A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed, Scopus, and CAB Direct, looking for any publications on natural infection of T. vivax across the globe.
  • The term “Trypanosoma vivax” was used for the search without any restrictions on time or language.
  • Publications that satisfied the team’s inclusion criteria were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis.

Results

  • In total, 899 records from 245 peer-reviewed articles across 41 countries were included in the global database created for T. vivax.
  • A total of 232, 6277 tests were performed on 97 different mammalian hosts, involving many wild animals.
  • Natural invasions of T. vivax were recorded in 39 African and Latin American countries and across 47 mammalian host species.
  • Every one of the 245 articles was used for qualitative analysis while information from 186 cross-sectional studies was used in the quantitative analysis to mainly estimate pooled prevalence.
  • They found that pooled prevalence rates of T. vivax in different animals ranged from 2.6% in dogs to 30.6% in domestic buffalos.
  • According to the diagnostic method, the highest pooled prevalences were found with serological techniques in domesticated buffalo (57.6%), equine (50.0%), and wild animals (49.3%).

Conclusion

  • This study contributes a comprehensive data set demonstrating the geographical distribution and host range of T. vivax, highlighting the potential of this parasite to invade other countries beyond Africa and Latin America.

Cite This Article

APA
Fetene E, Leta S, Regassa F, Büscher P. (2021). Global distribution, host range and prevalence of Trypanosoma vivax: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Parasit Vectors, 14(1), 80. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-021-04584-x

Publication

Parasites & vectors
ISSN: 1756-3305
NlmUniqueID: 101462774
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 14
Issue: 1
Pages: 80
PII: 80

Researcher Affiliations

Fetene, Eyerusalem
  • College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, P. O. Box 34, Bishoftu, Ethiopia.
Leta, Samson
  • College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, P. O. Box 34, Bishoftu, Ethiopia. samiwude@gmail.com.
Regassa, Fikru
  • College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, P. O. Box 34, Bishoftu, Ethiopia.
  • FDRE Ministry of Agriculture, P.O.Box 62347/3735, Addia Ababa, Ethiopia.
Büscher, Philippe
  • Institute of Tropical Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nationalestraat 155, 2000, Antwerp, Belgium.

MeSH Terms

  • Africa / epidemiology
  • Animals
  • Animals, Wild / parasitology
  • Buffaloes / parasitology
  • Camelus / parasitology
  • Cattle
  • Disease Reservoirs
  • Dogs
  • Horses
  • Host Specificity
  • Insect Control
  • Insect Vectors / parasitology
  • Livestock / parasitology
  • Prevalence
  • Swine
  • Trypanosoma vivax / pathogenicity
  • Trypanosomiasis, African / epidemiology
  • Trypanosomiasis, African / transmission
  • Trypanosomiasis, African / veterinary
  • Tsetse Flies / parasitology
  • Zoonoses

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

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