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Home / Equine Research Bank / PLoS One / Glutamate and lipid metabolic perturbation in the hippocampi...
PloS one2014; 9(6); e99752; doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099752

Glutamate and lipid metabolic perturbation in the hippocampi of asymptomatic borna disease virus-infected horses.

Abstract: Borna disease virus (BDV) is a neurotropic, enveloped, non-segmented, negative-stranded RNA virus that infects a wide variety of vertebrate species from birds to humans across a broad global geographic distribution. Animal symptomatology range from asymptomatic infection to behavioral abnormalities to acute meningoencephalitis. Asymptomatic BDV infection has been shown to be more frequent than conventionally estimated. However, the molecular mechanism(s) underyling asymptomatic BDV infection remain largely unknown. Here, based on real-time quantitative PCR and Western blotting, a total of 18 horse hippocampi were divided into BDV-infected (n = 8) and non-infected control (n = 10) groups. A gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) metabolomic approach, in conjunction with multivariate statistical analysis, was used to characterize the hippocampal metabolic changes associated with asymptomatic BDV infection. Multivariate statistical analysis showed a significant discrimination between the BDV-infected and control groups. BDV-infected hippocampi were characterized by lower levels of D-myo-inositol-1-phosphate, glutamate, phosphoethanolamine, heptadecanoic acid, and linoleic acid in combination with a higher level of ammonia. These differential metabolites are primarily involved in glutamate and lipid metabolism. These finding provide an improved understanding of hippocampal changes associated with asymptomatic BDV infection.
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Publication Date: 2014-06-23 PubMed ID: 24956478PubMed Central: PMC4067290DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099752Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research studied the effects of Borna disease virus (BDV) on horses, specifically focusing on changes in the hippocampus. The research found that asymptomatic BDV infection led to significant metabolic changes, particularly in glutamate and lipid metabolism.

Research Methodology

  • For the study, 18 horse hippocampi were selected and divided into two groups: BDV-infected (8) and non-infected (10).
  • Real-time quantitative PCR and Western blotting were used to confirm the BDV infection.
  • A metabolomics approach involving gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to identify metabolic changes in the hippocampi related to BDV infection.
  • Multivariate statistical analysis was used to differentiate between the two groups. This process showed a significant difference between the BDV-infected and the control groups.

Findings

  • In the BDV-infected group, the researchers observed lower levels of D-myo-inositol-1-phosphate, glutamate, phosphoethanolamine, heptadecanoic acid, and linoleic acid. These substances are critical for the normal function of the hippocampi.
  • On the other hand, they noticed a higher level of ammonia in BDV-infected hippocampi than in the control group.
  • These differential metabolites are primarily involved in glutamate and lipid metabolism – processes that contribute significantly to brain function.

Significance of the Study

  • The significant metabolic changes in the hippocampi of BDV-infected horses suggest that asymptomatic BDV infection can still adversely affect the normal functioning of the hippocampus.
  • The study’s findings shed light on the molecular mechanisms of asymptomatic BDV infection, which have been insufficiently understood so far.
  • By identifying these characteristic changes in the hippocampi of BDV-infected horses, the researchers hope to contribute towards better diagnosis, management, and treatment of BDV infection in different vertebrate species, including humans.

Cite This Article

APA
Zhang L, Lei Y, Liu X, Wang X, Liu Z, Li D, Zheng P, Zhang L, Chen S, Xie P. (2014). Glutamate and lipid metabolic perturbation in the hippocampi of asymptomatic borna disease virus-infected horses. PLoS One, 9(6), e99752. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0099752

Publication

PloS one
ISSN: 1932-6203
NlmUniqueID: 101285081
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 9
Issue: 6
Pages: e99752
PII: e99752

Researcher Affiliations

Zhang, Liang
  • Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Lei, Yang
  • Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Neurology, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Liu, Xia
  • Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Wang, Xiao
  • Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Liu, Zhao
  • Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Li, Dan
  • Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Pathology, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Zheng, Peng
  • Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Zhang, Lujun
  • Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Chen, Shigang
  • Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Xie, Peng
  • Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Borna Disease / metabolism
  • Borna Disease / pathology
  • Borna disease virus / metabolism
  • Glutamic Acid / metabolism
  • Hippocampus / metabolism
  • Hippocampus / pathology
  • Hippocampus / virology
  • Horse Diseases / metabolism
  • Horse Diseases / pathology
  • Horses
  • Lipid Metabolism

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

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Citations

This article has been cited 5 times.
  1. van der Kolk JH. The equine species as Trojan horse for Borna Disease Virus-1?. Vet Q 2018 Dec;38(1):126-128.
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