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The Journal of general virology2015; 96(Pt 6); 1229-1237; doi: 10.1099/vir.0.000073

Hendra virus survival does not explain spillover patterns and implicates relatively direct transmission routes from flying foxes to horses.

Abstract: Hendra virus (HeV) is lethal to humans and horses, and little is known about its epidemiology. Biosecurity restrictions impede advances, particularly on understanding pathways of transmission. Quantifying the environmental survival of HeV can be used for making decisions and to infer transmission pathways. We estimated HeV survival with a Weibull distribution and calculated parameters from data generated in laboratory experiments. HeV survival rates based on air temperatures 24 h after excretion ranged from 2 to 10 % in summer and from 12 to 33 % in winter. Simulated survival across the distribution of the black flying fox (Pteropus alecto), a key reservoir host, did not predict spillover events. Based on our analyses we concluded that the most likely pathways of transmission did not require long periods of virus survival and were likely to involve relatively direct contact with flying fox excreta shortly after excretion.
© 2015 The Authors.
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Publication Date: 2015-02-09 PubMed ID: 25667321PubMed Central: PMC7346679DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.000073Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

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The research paper presents a detailed analysis of the environmental survival rates of Hendra virus (HeV) in different seasons, as well as its transmission routes from flying foxes to horses. Particularly, it disputes the notion that longer virus survival periods are responsible for the spillover events, instead attributing it to direct contact with flying fox excreta shortly after excretion.

Methodology and Results

  • This study estimated the survival of Hendra virus (HeV) by implementing a Weibull distribution, successfully outlining the viral survival rates using data from laboratory experiments.
  • The research revealed different survival rates of HeV based on air temperatures 24 hours after virus excretion. The survival rates ranged from 2-10% during summers and 12-33% during winters.
  • The team also conducted simulations to understand the survival rates of the HeV across distributions of the black flying fox, a key host reservoir. However, these simulations failed to accurately predict spillover events, challenging the idea that the spillover events are directly related to the length of virus survival in the environment.

Key Conclusions

  • The key finding of this study concluded that the transmission pathways most likely did not necessitate long periods of virus survival.
  • The study suggests the likelihood that relatively direct contact with flying fox feces shortly after excretion is the primary route for transmission.
  • These findings imply that current biosecurity measures, focusing largely on virus survival periods, may not be as effective in preventing spillover events from flying foxes to horses. Instead, measures preventing direct contact shortly after excretion might be more efficient.

Cite This Article

APA
Martin G, Plowright R, Chen C, Kault D, Selleck P, Skerratt LF. (2015). Hendra virus survival does not explain spillover patterns and implicates relatively direct transmission routes from flying foxes to horses. J Gen Virol, 96(Pt 6), 1229-1237. https://doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.000073

Publication

The Journal of general virology
ISSN: 1465-2099
NlmUniqueID: 0077340
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 96
Issue: Pt 6
Pages: 1229-1237

Researcher Affiliations

Martin, Gerardo
  • James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.
Plowright, Raina
  • Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA.
  • Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA.
  • James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.
Chen, Carla
  • Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
  • James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.
Kault, David
  • James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.
Selleck, Paul
  • Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
Skerratt, Lee F
  • James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Chiroptera / virology
  • Hendra Virus / genetics
  • Hendra Virus / isolation & purification
  • Henipavirus Infections / transmission
  • Henipavirus Infections / veterinary
  • Henipavirus Infections / virology
  • Horses / virology
  • Microbial Viability
  • Models, Statistical
  • Seasons

Grant Funding

  • P20 GM103474 / NIGMS NIH HHS

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Citations

This article has been cited 21 times.
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