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Frontiers in veterinary science2019; 6; 59; doi: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00059

Histopathologic Findings Following Experimental Equine Herpesvirus 1 Infection of Horses.

Abstract: Histopathological differences in horses infected with equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) of differing neuropathogenic potential [wild-type (Ab4), polymerase mutant (Ab4 N752), EHV-1/4 gD mutant (Ab4 gD4)] were evaluated to examine the impact of viral factors on clinical disease, tissue tropism and pathology. Three of 8 Ab4 infected horses developed Equine Herpesvirus Myeloencephalopathy (EHM) requiring euthanasia of 2 horses on day 9 post-infection. None of the other horses showed neurologic signs and all remaining animals were sacrificed 10 weeks post-infection. EHM horses had lymphohistiocytic vasculitis and lymphocytic infiltrates in the lungs, spinal cord, endometrium and eyes. EHV-1 antigen was detected within the eyes and spinal cord. In 3/6 of the remaining Ab4 infected horses, 4/9 Ab4 N752 infected horses, and 8/8 Ab4 gD4 infected horses, choroiditis was observed. All males had interstitial lymphoplasmacytic and/or histiocytic orchitis and EHV-1 antigen was detected. In conclusion, only animals sacrificed due to EHM developed overt vasculitis in the CNS and the eye. Mild choroiditis persisted in many animals and appeared to be more common in Ab4 gD4 infected animals. Finally, we report infiltrates and changes in the reproductive organs of all males associated with EHV-1 antigen. While the exact significance of these changes is unclear, these findings raise concern for long-term effects on reproduction and prolonged shedding of virus through semen.
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Publication Date: 2019-03-04 PubMed ID: 30886853PubMed Central: PMC6409500DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00059Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research investigates the impact of different strains of Equine Herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) on horses, focusing on the physical changes observed in horses’ bodies following infection. The study identifies differences such as vasculitis and choroiditis as potential effects of EHV-1 infection, and raises concerns over its possible influence on equine reproduction and persistent viral shedding.

Study Design and Procedure

  • The researchers infected horses with different variants of EHV-1—wild-type (Ab4), Ab4 N752, and Ab4 gD4—to assess the effect of the virus’s characteristics on the resultant disease, as well as its predilection for specific tissues (tissue tropism) and the associated pathological findings.
  • Outcomes were monitored over a 10-week period following infection, with severely affected horses euthanised earlier when necessary due to a severe neurological condition resulting from the EHV-1 infection called Equine Herpesvirus Myeloencephalopathy (EHM).
  • The course of infection was then studied through pathological findings in different tissues in the body of the horse.

Findings

  • Only horses infected with the wild-type Ab4 strain developed EHM, out of which two were euthanised on the ninth day following infection.
  • The study observed inflammation of blood vessels (vasculitis) and cellular infiltrations in different tissues such as the lungs, spinal cord, and eye. In some cases, EHV-1 antigen (a substance that triggers an immune response) was also detected in the eyes and spinal cord.
  • About half of the horses infected with the various EHV-1 strains developed choroiditis—an inflammation of the vascular layer of the eye—indicating a possible eye-related complication of EHV-1 infection.
  • All male horses showed abnormalities in their reproductive organs, with consistent detection of EHV-1 antigen noticed.

Implications and Conclusions

  • The research draws attention to the potential impacts of EHV-1 infection, particularly the neurological disorder, EHM, mainly caused by the wild-type Ab4 variant of the virus.
  • It also highlights ocular problems, such as choroiditis, and reproductive anomalies which were common among infected horses. The presence of EHV-1 antigen in the reproductive organs raises concerns about the virus’s possible long-term effects on equine reproduction and its ability to continue shedding/scattering from the body through semen—a process which could potentially facilitate the virus’s transmission.
  • Though further research is needed to fully understand the implications of these findings, this study sheds light on the varied impacts of EHV-1 infection on horses and the potential risks it poses to horse health and reproduction.

Cite This Article

APA
Holz CL, Sledge DG, Kiupel M, Nelli RK, Goehring LS, Soboll Hussey G. (2019). Histopathologic Findings Following Experimental Equine Herpesvirus 1 Infection of Horses. Front Vet Sci, 6, 59. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2019.00059

Publication

Frontiers in veterinary science
ISSN: 2297-1769
NlmUniqueID: 101666658
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 6
Pages: 59
PII: 59

Researcher Affiliations

Holz, Carine L
  • Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States.
Sledge, Dodd G
  • Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI, United States.
Kiupel, Matti
  • Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States.
  • Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI, United States.
Nelli, Rahul K
  • Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States.
Goehring, Lutz S
  • Equine Hospital - Division of Medicine and Reproduction, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany.
Soboll Hussey, Gisela
  • Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States.

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