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Animals : an open access journal from MDPI2021; 11(3); 831; doi: 10.3390/ani11030831

Horse Clinical Cytogenetics: Recurrent Themes and Novel Findings.

Abstract: Clinical cytogenetic studies in horses have been ongoing for over half a century and clearly demonstrate that chromosomal disorders are among the most common non-infectious causes of decreased fertility, infertility, and congenital defects. Large-scale cytogenetic surveys show that almost 30% of horses with reproductive or developmental problems have chromosome aberrations, whereas abnormal karyotypes are found in only 2-5% of the general population. Among the many chromosome abnormalities reported in the horse, most are unique or rare. However, all surveys agree that there are two recurrent conditions: X-monosomy and -negative XY male-to-female sex reversal, making up approximately 35% and 11% of all chromosome abnormalities, respectively. The two are signature conditions for the horse and rare or absent in other domestic species. The progress in equine genomics and the development of molecular tools, have qualitatively improved clinical cytogenetics today, allowing for refined characterization of aberrations and understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms. While cutting-edge genomics tools promise further improvements in chromosome analysis, they will not entirely replace traditional cytogenetics, which still is the most straightforward, cost-effective, and fastest approach for the initial evaluation of potential breeding animals and horses with reproductive or developmental disorders.
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Publication Date: 2021-03-16 PubMed ID: 33809432PubMed Central: PMC8001954DOI: 10.3390/ani11030831Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research discusses the results of clinical cytogenetic studies in horses over the last 50 years. Findings show that chromosomal disorders are a leading non-infectious cause of reduced fertility, infertility, and congenital defects in horses. The study also reveals two recurrent conditions in horses: X-monosomy and negative XY male-to-female sex reversal.

About Horse Clinical Cytogenetics Studies

  • Clinical cytogenetic studies in horses refer to analyses of chromosomal organization and structure for determining genetic abnormalities that could affect horses’ health or reproduction.
  • These studies have been conducted for more than 50 years and have revealed that chromosomal disorders are among the most notable non-infectious causes of fertility problems and congenital defects in horses.
  • Large-scale cytogenetic surveys have shown that nearly one-third of horses with developmental or fertility issues have chromosomal abnormalities.

Most Common Chromosomal Disorders in Horses

  • Most of the chromosomal abnormalities identified in horses are either unique or rare.
  • However, all surveys agree on two recurrent conditions that predominately affect horses: X-monosomy and negative XY male-to-female sex reversal. These represent roughly 35% and 11% of all chromosomal abnormality cases, respectively.
  • These conditions are signature disorders for horses and are seldom found in other domesticated species.

Impact of Genomics and Molecular Tools

  • Advancements in the field of horse genomics and the development of molecular tools have substantially improved clinical cytogenetics.
  • These advancements have resulted in enhanced characterization of chromosomal aberrations and a better understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms.

The Role of Traditional Cytogenetics in the Future

  • Though genomics tools are promising for future improvements in chromosome analysis, traditional cytogenetics will still be relevant.
  • Traditional cytogenetics will continue to be the most straightforward, cost-effective, and quickest method for the initial evaluation of potential breeding animals and horses with reproductive or developmental disorders.

Cite This Article

APA
Bugno-Poniewierska M, Raudsepp T. (2021). Horse Clinical Cytogenetics: Recurrent Themes and Novel Findings. Animals (Basel), 11(3), 831. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11030831

Publication

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
ISSN: 2076-2615
NlmUniqueID: 101635614
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 11
Issue: 3
PII: 831

Researcher Affiliations

Bugno-Poniewierska, Monika
  • Department of Animal Reproduction, Anatomy and Genomics, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 31-120 Krakow, Poland.
Raudsepp, Terje
  • Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4458, USA.

Grant Funding

  • SUB/020013-D015 / University of Agriculture in Krakow
  • NCBiR:BIOSTRATEG2/297267/14/NCBR/2016 / Narodowe Centrum Badau0144 i Rozwoju
  • Morris Animal Foundation grant D19EQ-051 / Texas A&M Molecular Cytogenetics service
  • AFRI grant 2018-06521 / USDA

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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