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PloS one2014; 9(8); e105367; doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105367

Immunogenicity of an electron beam inactivated Rhodococcus equi vaccine in neonatal foals.

Abstract: Rhodococcus equi is an important pathogen of foals that causes severe pneumonia. To date, there is no licensed vaccine effective against R. equi pneumonia of foals. The objectives of our study were to develop an electron beam (eBeam) inactivated vaccine against R. equi and evaluate its immunogenicity. A dose of eBeam irradiation that inactivated replication of R. equi while maintaining outer cell wall integrity was identified. Enteral administration of eBeam inactivated R. equi increased interferon-γ production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells in response to stimulation with virulent R. equi and generated naso-pharyngeal R. equi-specific IgA in newborn foals. Our results indicate that eBeam irradiated R. equi administered enterally produce cell-mediated and upper respiratory mucosal immune responses, in the face of passively transferred maternal antibodies, similar to those produced in response to enteral administration of live organisms (a strategy which previously has been documented to protect foals against intrabronchial infection with virulent R. equi). No evidence of adverse effects was noted among vaccinated foals.
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Publication Date: 2014-08-25 PubMed ID: 25153708PubMed Central: PMC4143214DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105367Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This study focuses on the development and testing of an electron beam inactivated Rhodococcus equi (R. equi) vaccine to stimulate immune response in foals. The tested vaccine has shown effectiveness in promoting cell-mediated and mucosal immune responses without exhibiting negative impacts on the vaccinated foals.

Objective of the Study

  • The primary goal of the research was to create an electron beam (eBeam) inactivated vaccine to counter R. equi, which is a leading cause of severe pneumonia in foals, and assess its potential to incite an immune response.

Method and Results

  • The researchers identified a dose of eBeam irradiation capable of halting R. equi replication while preserving the outer cell wall structure of the pathogen.
  • Upon enteral (relating to the intestines) administration of the inactivated R. equi, an increase in the interferon-γ production by the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of the test subjects was noted. Interferon-γ is a cytokine critical in innate and adaptive immunity against viral and intracellular bacterial infections and for tumor control.
  • The administration also generated a R. equi-specific immunoglobulin A (IgA) in the nasopharynx of newborn foals. IgA is an antibody that plays a crucial role in mucosal immunity.

Comparison and Implications

  • The immune responses generated by the electron beam-irradiated R. equi vaccine were equivalent to the responses produced following the enteral administration of live organisms. The method involving live organisms is known to provide protection against intrabronchial infections with R. equi.
  • No adverse effects were observed in the vaccinated foals, suggesting that this method could be a safe and effective solution for protecting foals against R. equi infections, especially considering the absence of a licensed vaccine for these infections thus far.

Cite This Article

APA
Bordin AI, Pillai SD, Brake C, Bagley KB, Bourquin JR, Coleman M, Oliveira FN, Mwangi W, McMurray DN, Love CC, Felippe MJ, Cohen ND. (2014). Immunogenicity of an electron beam inactivated Rhodococcus equi vaccine in neonatal foals. PLoS One, 9(8), e105367. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0105367

Publication

PloS one
ISSN: 1932-6203
NlmUniqueID: 101285081
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 9
Issue: 8
Pages: e105367
PII: e105367

Researcher Affiliations

Bordin, Angela I
  • Equine Infectious Disease Laboratory, Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America.
Pillai, Suresh D
  • National Center for Electron Beam Research and Departments of Poultry Science and Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America.
Brake, Courtney
  • Equine Infectious Disease Laboratory, Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America.
Bagley, Kaytee B
  • Equine Infectious Disease Laboratory, Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America.
Bourquin, Jessica R
  • Equine Infectious Disease Laboratory, Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America.
Coleman, Michelle
  • Equine Infectious Disease Laboratory, Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America.
Oliveira, Fabiano N
  • Antech Diagnostics, College Station, Texas, United States of America.
Mwangi, Waithaka
  • Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America.
McMurray, David N
  • Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America.
Love, Charles C
  • Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America.
Felippe, Maria Julia B
  • Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America.
Cohen, Noah D
  • Equine Infectious Disease Laboratory, Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America.

MeSH Terms

  • Actinomycetales Infections / prevention & control
  • Actinomycetales Infections / veterinary
  • Animals
  • Bacterial Vaccines / therapeutic use
  • Horse Diseases / immunology
  • Horses / immunology
  • Immunity, Active
  • Rhodococcus equi / immunology
  • Rhodococcus equi / ultrastructure

Conflict of Interest Statement

AIB's salary was supported by a fellowship from Fort Dodge Animal Health/Pfizer Animal Health (now Zoetis). The Morris Animal Foundation and Link Equine Research Endowment sponsored this study, and additional support provided by an unrestricted gift from Boerhinger-Ingelheim. None of the agencies or companies listed above had any role or influence in the data collection, data analysis, interpretation of results, or conclusions reported in this manuscript; none of these companies have reviewed the manuscript. Moreover, none of the authors were employed in any way (including consultancy) by any of the companies listed above. The authors declare no affiliation to products, patents, etc. related to this work with any company, including those listed above. This support does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials. FNO is employed by Antech Diagnostics; however, FNO was not paid for his services and provided assistance outside of his work at Antech Diagnostics. Relevant to this work, FNO has no competing interests relating to employment, consultancy, patents, products in development, etc. The authors declare no other competing financial interests.

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