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Home / Equine Research Bank / Immun Ageing / Immunosenescence and inflammaging in the aged horse.
Immunity & ageing : I & A2023; 20(1); 2; doi: 10.1186/s12979-022-00325-5

Immunosenescence and inflammaging in the aged horse.

Abstract: The equine population in the United States and worldwide now includes a higher percentage of geriatric horses than ever previously recorded, and as methods to treat and manage elderly equids are developed and refined, this aging population will likely continue to expand. A better understanding of how horses age and the effect of age on immunity and disease susceptibility is needed to enable targeted preventative healthcare strategies for aged horses. This review article outlines the current state of knowledge regarding the effect of aging on immunity, vaccine responsiveness, and disease risk in the horse, highlighting similarities and differences to what is observed in aged humans. Horses show similar but milder age-related alterations in immune function to those reported in people. Decreases in lymphocyte proliferation and antibody production and diminished response to vaccination have all been documented in elderly horses, however, increased risk of infectious disease is not commonly reported. Aged horses also show evidence of a proinflammatory state (inflammaging) yet appear less susceptible to the chronic diseases of people for which inflammation is a risk factor. Information is currently lacking as to why the horse does not experience the same risk of age-related disease (e.g., cancer, heart disease, neurodegeneration) as people, although a lack of negative lifestyle habits, differences in diet, exercise, genetics and physiology may all contribute to improved health outcomes in the older horse.
© 2023. The Author(s).
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Publication Date: 2023-01-06 PubMed ID: 36609345PubMed Central: PMC9817422DOI: 10.1186/s12979-022-00325-5Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article discusses the impact of aging on immunity, disease susceptibility, and response to vaccines in horses, and compares these effects to those observed in aged humans.

Age-related changes in Equine Immunity

  • The researchers first delve into how aging impacts a horse’s immunity and disease susceptibility. They find that while there are alterations in immune functions in older horses, similar to humans, these changes are milder in the former.
  • Decreases in lymphocyte proliferation and antibody production—both vital aspects of an effective immune response—are observed in elderly horses.
  • The elderly horses also seem to have a diminished response to vaccinations.

Inflammation and Disease Risk

  • The researchers highlight the concept of “inflammaging,” a chronic, low-grade inflammation state that often comes with aging. They observe that horses, like humans, show evidence of this proinflammatory condition but its consequences are different in horses.
  • Contrary to aged humans, an increased risk of infectious diseases is not commonly reported in older horses, despite the similar inflammaging process.
  • An important difference observed is that horses appear less susceptible to the chronic diseases of humans for which inflammation is a risk factor, such as heart disease, cancer, and neurodegeneration.

Reasons for Lesser Disease Susceptibility in Aged Horses

  • The paper notes that the reason for the lesser occurrence of chronic diseases in older horses is still unknown and suggests several factors that might contribute to improved health outcomes in aged horses. These include differences in lifestyle habits, diet, exercise routines, genetics, and overall physiology.
  • The authors disclose a lack of solid data on why horses do not experience the same risk of age-related diseases as humans do.

Implications

  • The study implies that understanding the aging process in horses and its impact on immunity is crucial for developing and refining targeted healthcare strategies for geriatric horses, given the increasing percentage of elderly horses in the global equine population.
  • The differences and similarities in aging between horses and humans, as observed in the study, can potentially inform human geriatric studies, and vice versa.

Cite This Article

APA
DeNotta S, McFarlane D. (2023). Immunosenescence and inflammaging in the aged horse. Immun Ageing, 20(1), 2. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12979-022-00325-5

Publication

Immunity & ageing : I & A
ISSN: 1742-4933
NlmUniqueID: 101235427
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 20
Issue: 1
Pages: 2
PII: 2

Researcher Affiliations

DeNotta, Sally
  • Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
McFarlane, Dianne
  • Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA. dmcfarlane1@ufl.edu.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare they have no competing interests.

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