FREE SHIPPING over $40
OVER 10000 FIVE-STAR REVIEWS
5% OFF ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS
100% HAPPINESS GUARANTEE
Analyze Diet
0
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy2020; 75(7); 1671-1680; doi: 10.1093/jac/dkaa104

Indications for the use of highest priority critically important antimicrobials in the veterinary sector.

Abstract: Among the measures taken to preserve the clinical efficacy of highest priority critically important antimicrobials (HP-CIAs), the WHO has recommended avoiding their use in food-producing animals. Little is known regarding the indications for which different antimicrobial classes are used in animals, even in countries where data on antimicrobial use are available. To outline, in a narrative review, the diseases for which HP-CIAs are used in veterinary medicine, highlighting incongruences with international guidelines and disease conditions where effective alternatives to HP-CIAs are missing. Scientific literature, national reports and expert opinion were used to describe the indications for the use of HP-CIAs in the main food-producing (pigs, cattle and poultry) and companion (horses, dogs and cats) animal species. The most common indications for use of HP-CIAs are enteric and respiratory infections in pigs, cattle and poultry, urogenital infections in dogs and cats and respiratory infections in horses. In some instances, no valid and convenient alternatives to colistin and macrolides are available against certain porcine enteric and bovine respiratory pathogens. Effective, legal and convenient alternatives to HP-CIAs are also lacking for managing common infections in cats, for which oral administration is difficult, Rhodococcus equi infections in horses, some enteric and respiratory infections in poultry and MDR infections in all companion animal species. Future research and stewardship programmes should focus on the disease conditions identified by this review to reduce the use of HP-CIAs in the veterinary sector.
© The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.
Get Full Text
Publication Date: 2020-04-03 PubMed ID: 32240295DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkaa104Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
LinkedInCopy
  • Journal Article
  • Review

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The study reviews the uses of top-priority, critically important antimicrobials (HP-CIAs) in veterinary medicine, focusing on instances where they are used in contravention of international guidelines or where effective substitutes are lacking. Diseases that are commonly treated with HP-CIAs in livestock and pets include intestinal and respiratory infections, urogenital infections, and multi-drug resistant infections.

Introduction and Study Objectives

  • The research explores the applications of high priority, critically important antimicrobials (HP-CIAs) within the field of veterinary medicine.
  • This study aims to provide a comprehensive review of the diseases in animals that necessitate the use of HP-CIAs with utmost care.
  • The researchers aim to identify where the use of these drugs contradicts international guidelines and areas where there is a lack of effective alternatives to these antimicrobials.

Research Methodology

  • The research incorporated a narrative review approach and analysed national reports, scientific literature, and expert opinions.
  • It comprehensively studied the usage indications for HP-CIAs in the main food-producing animal species (cattle, pigs, and poultry), and companion animal species (cats, dogs, and horses).

Key Findings

  • Common indications for use of HP-CIAs are found in respiratory and enteric infections in cattle, pigs, and poultry, urogenital infections in cats and dogs, and respiratory ailments in horses.
  • In some cases, no adequate and convenient alternatives to colistin and macrolides are available to treat certain bovine respiratory and porcine enteric pathogens.
  • Effective, legal, and convenient alternatives to HP-CIAs are also deficient for managing common infections in cats where oral administration can be challenging, Rhodococcus equi infections in horses, specific enteric and respiratory infections in poultry, and multi-drug resistant (MDR) infections in all companion animal species.

Recommendations and Conclusion

  • The study suggests future research and stewardship programs should concentrate on the disease conditions identified by this review in order to work towards reducing the use of HP-CIAs in veterinary practice.
  • Accordingly, developing efficient alternatives to these antimicrobials, adhering to the international guidelines and executing effective stewardship programs are key areas that require attention and action.

Cite This Article

APA
Lhermie G, La Ragione RM, Weese JS, Olsen JE, Christensen JP, Guardabassi L. (2020). Indications for the use of highest priority critically important antimicrobials in the veterinary sector. J Antimicrob Chemother, 75(7), 1671-1680. https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaa104

Publication

The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
ISSN: 1460-2091
NlmUniqueID: 7513617
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 75
Issue: 7
Pages: 1671-1680

Researcher Affiliations

Lhermie, Guillaume
  • Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
  • IHAP, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, Toulouse, France.
La Ragione, Roberto Marcello
  • Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7AL, UK.
Weese, J Scott
  • Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
Olsen, John Elmerdahl
  • Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
Christensen, Jens Peter
  • Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
Guardabassi, Luca
  • Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
  • Department of Pathobiology & Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkhead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Herts AL9 7TA, UK.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / therapeutic use
  • Anti-Infective Agents / therapeutic use
  • Cat Diseases
  • Cats
  • Cattle
  • Dog Diseases / drug therapy
  • Dogs
  • Horses
  • Macrolides
  • Swine

Grant Funding

  • MR/R002762/1 / Medical Research Council

Citations

This article has been cited 22 times.
  1. Jin M, Osman M, Green BA, Yang Y, Ahuja A, Lu Z, Cazer CL. Evidence for the transmission of antimicrobial resistant bacteria between humans and companion animals: A scoping review. One Health 2023 Dec;17:100593.
    doi: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2023.100593pubmed: 37448771google scholar: lookup
  2. Rutjens S, Vereecke N, Sauer J, Croubels S, Devreese M. Cefquinome shows a higher impact on the pig gut microbiome and resistome compared to ceftiofur. Vet Res 2023 Jun 6;54(1):45.
    doi: 10.1186/s13567-023-01176-8pubmed: 37280708google scholar: lookup
  3. Bonzelett C, Schnepf A, Hartmann M, Käsbohrer A, Kreienbrock L. Use of Antimicrobials by Class in Pigs in Germany-A Longitudinal Description Considering Different International Categorisation Systems. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022 Dec 16;11(12).
    doi: 10.3390/antibiotics11121833pubmed: 36551491google scholar: lookup
  4. Aurich S, Prenger-Berninghoff E, Ewers C. Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Bacterial Uropathogens Isolated from Dogs and Cats. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022 Dec 1;11(12).
    doi: 10.3390/antibiotics11121730pubmed: 36551391google scholar: lookup
  5. Jansen W, van Hout J, Wiegel J, Iatridou D, Chantziaras I, De Briyne N. Colistin Use in European Livestock: Veterinary Field Data on Trends and Perspectives for Further Reduction. Vet Sci 2022 Nov 21;9(11).
    doi: 10.3390/vetsci9110650pubmed: 36423099google scholar: lookup
  6. Ma Y, Pirolo M, Subramani P, Gehring R, Damborg P, Franzyk H, Guardabassi L. Macrolide Resistance and In Vitro Potentiation by Peptidomimetics in Porcine Clinical Escherichia coli. mSphere 2022 Oct 26;7(5):e0040222.
    doi: 10.1128/msphere.00402-22pubmed: 36154672google scholar: lookup
  7. Hamame A, Davoust B, Cherak Z, Rolain JM, Diene SM. Mobile Colistin Resistance (mcr) Genes in Cats and Dogs and Their Zoonotic Transmission Risks. Pathogens 2022 Jun 17;11(6).
    doi: 10.3390/pathogens11060698pubmed: 35745552google scholar: lookup
  8. van Vliet AHM, Thakur S, Prada JM, Mehat JW, La Ragione RM. Genomic Screening of Antimicrobial Resistance Markers in UK and US Campylobacter Isolates Highlights Stability of Resistance over an 18-Year Period. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2022 May 17;66(5):e0168721.
    doi: 10.1128/aac.01687-21pubmed: 35404076google scholar: lookup
  9. Hur B, Hardefeldt LY, Verspoor KM, Baldwin T, Gilkerson JR. Evaluating the dose, indication and agreement with guidelines of antimicrobial use in companion animal practice with natural language processing. JAC Antimicrob Resist 2022 Mar;4(1):dlab194.
    doi: 10.1093/jacamr/dlab194pubmed: 35156027google scholar: lookup
  10. Madi-Moussa D, Belguesmia Y, Charlet A, Drider D, Coucheney F. Lacticaseicin 30 and Colistin as a Promising Antibiotic Formulation against Gram-Negative β-Lactamase-Producing Strains and Colistin-Resistant Strains. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021 Dec 24;11(1).
    doi: 10.3390/antibiotics11010020pubmed: 35052897google scholar: lookup
  11. Hopman NEM, Wagenaar JA, van Geijlswijk IM, Broens EM. Development and Pilot of an Interactive Online Course on Antimicrobial Stewardship in Companion Animals. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021 May 20;10(5).
    doi: 10.3390/antibiotics10050610pubmed: 34065607google scholar: lookup
  12. Pirolo M, Espinosa-Gongora C, Bogaert D, Guardabassi L. The porcine respiratory microbiome: recent insights and future challenges. Anim Microbiome 2021 Jan 8;3(1):9.
    doi: 10.1186/s42523-020-00070-4pubmed: 33499988google scholar: lookup
  13. Köper LM, Bode C, Bender A, Reimer I, Heberer T, Wallmann J. Eight years of sales surveillance of antimicrobials for veterinary use in Germany-What are the perceptions?. PLoS One 2020;15(8):e0237459.
    doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237459pubmed: 32776971google scholar: lookup
  14. Steinman A, Navon-Venezia S. Antimicrobial Resistance in Horses. Animals (Basel) 2020 Jul 9;10(7).
    doi: 10.3390/ani10071161pubmed: 32659916google scholar: lookup
  15. Kovačević Z, Gračner GG, Tomanić D, Vlahović K, Šarić L, Novaković D, Galić I, Pajić K, Marić D, Samardžija M, Sič O. Compounding and Use of Human Medicinal Products in Small Animal Practice: What Are the Perspectives of Veterinarians?-A Pilot Study. Vet Sci 2025 Sep 19;12(9).
    doi: 10.3390/vetsci12090914pubmed: 41012840google scholar: lookup
  16. Kovacs D, Raizman E, Deckert A, Ciria Artiga N, Bošković M, Bučan E, Filipović JV, Agolli O, Grbić D, Hrapović M, Ivanović I, Jusufi N, Lješković S, Milovanović L, Nagy T, Palibrk M, Rogošić M, Sargsyan A, Tabakovski B, Beltran-Alcrudo D. Antimicrobial Use and Awareness of Antimicrobial Resistance in the Livestock Sector in the Western Balkans. Antibiotics (Basel) 2025 Aug 19;14(8).
    doi: 10.3390/antibiotics14080839pubmed: 40868033google scholar: lookup
  17. Grist LF, Brown A, Fitzpatrick N, Mariano G, La Ragione RM, Van Vliet AHM, Mehat JW. Global phylogenomic analysis of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius reveals genomic and prophage diversity in multidrug-resistant lineages. Microb Genom 2025 Mar;11(3).
    doi: 10.1099/mgen.0.001369pubmed: 40042988google scholar: lookup
  18. Sánchez-Ortiz E, Blanco Gutiérrez MDM, Calvo-Fernandez C, Mencía-Gutiérrez A, Pastor Tiburón N, Alvarado Piqueras A, Pablos-Tanarro A, Martín-Maldonado B. Addressing Challenges in Wildlife Rehabilitation: Antimicrobial-Resistant Bacteria from Wounds and Fractures in Wild Birds. Animals (Basel) 2024 Apr 10;14(8).
    doi: 10.3390/ani14081151pubmed: 38672299google scholar: lookup
  19. Best CM, Bard AM, Rees GM, Reyher KK. Validation, visibility, vagueness and variation: A qualitative assessment of existing veterinary guidelines for antimicrobial use in cattle and sheep in the UK. PLoS One 2023;18(11):e0294733.
    doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294733pubmed: 38032877google scholar: lookup
  20. Marco-Fuertes A, Jordá J, Marin C, Lorenzo-Rebenaque L, Montoro-Dasi L, Vega S. Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli Strains to Last Resort Human Antibiotics Isolated from Healthy Companion Animals in Valencia Region. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023 Nov 19;12(11).
    doi: 10.3390/antibiotics12111638pubmed: 37998840google scholar: lookup
  21. Ade J, Riehm JM, Stadler J, Klose C, Zablotski Y, Ritzmann M, Kümmerlen D. Antimicrobial Susceptibility from a One Health Perspective Regarding Porcine Escherichia coli from Bavaria, Germany. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023 Sep 8;12(9).
    doi: 10.3390/antibiotics12091424pubmed: 37760720google scholar: lookup
  22. Foglia Manzillo V, Peruzy MF, Gizzarelli M, Izzo B, Sarnelli P, Carrella A, Vinciguerra G, Chirollo C, Ben Fayala NEH, Balestrino I, Oliva G. Examining the Veterinary Electronic Antimicrobial Prescriptions for Dogs and Cats in the Campania Region, Italy: Corrective Strategies Are Imperative. Animals (Basel) 2023 Sep 9;13(18).
    doi: 10.3390/ani13182869pubmed: 37760269google scholar: lookup
Subscribe to our newsletter
Join 100,113 horse owners like you who receive our email updates on horse health and nutrition.