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Veterinary research2014; 45(1); 82; doi: 10.1186/s13567-014-0082-y

Infection of equine monocyte-derived macrophages with an attenuated equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) strain induces a strong resistance to the infection by a virulent EIAV strain.

Abstract: The Chinese attenuated equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) vaccine has successfully protected millions of equine animals from EIA disease in China. Given that the induction of immune protection results from the interactions between viruses and hosts, a better understanding of the characteristics of vaccine strain infection and host responses would be useful for elucidating the mechanism of the induction of immune protection by the Chinese attenuated EIAV strain. In this study, we demonstrate in equine monocyte-derived macrophages (eMDM) that EIAVFDDV13, a Chinese attenuated EIAV strain, induced a strong resistance to subsequent infection by a pathogenic strain, EIAVUK3. Further experiments indicate that the expression of the soluble EIAV receptor sELR1, Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) and interferon β (IFNβ) was up-regulated in eMDM infected with EIAVFDDV13 compared with eMDM infected with EIAVUK3. Stimulating eMDM with poly I:C resulted in similar resistance to EIAV infection as induced by EIAVFDDV13 and was correlated with enhanced TLR3, sELR1 and IFNβ expression. The knock down of TLR3 mRNA significantly impaired poly I:C-stimulated resistance to EIAV, greatly reducing the expression of sELR1 and IFNβ and lowered the level of infection resistance induced by EIAVFDDV13. These results indicate that the induction of restraining infection by EIAVFDDV13 in macrophages is partially mediated through the up-regulated expression of the soluble viral receptor and IFNβ, and that the TLR3 pathway activation plays an important role in the development of an EIAV-resistant intracellular environment.
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Publication Date: 2014-08-09 PubMed ID: 25106750PubMed Central: PMC4283155DOI: 10.1186/s13567-014-0082-yGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research explores how introducing the attenuated Chinese equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) strain into equine monocyte-derived macrophages (cells commonly associated with immune response) can induce strong resistance against a more pathogenic EIAV strain.

Study and Methodology

The research was derived from the successful use of the Chinese attenuated EIAV vaccine to protect equines from EIA disease in China. In the study, an attenuated strain of EIAV known as EIAVFDDV13 was introduced into equine monocyte-derived macrophages (eMDM), cells that play a critical role in the immune system of horses. EIAVFDDV13 was observed to induce strong resistance against a subsequent infection by a pathogenic strain, EIAVUK3.

  • During the experiment, it was noticed that the expression of certain molecules and receptors like the soluble EIAV receptor sELR1, the Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3), and interferon β (IFNβ) was increased in eMDM after exposure to EIAVFDDV13, compared to those infected with EIAVUK3.
  • The researchers also tried stimulating eMDM with poly I:C, an immune response stimulator, and found that it induced similar resistance to EIAV as EIAVFDDV13 and increased the expression of TLR3, sELR1, and IFNβ.
  • The role of TLR3 in infection resistance was further confirmed by reducing its mRNA expression, which resulted in significant impairment of poly I:C-stimulated resistance to EIAV infection, lower expression of sELR1 and IFNβ, and decreased resistance induced by EIAVFDDV13.

Findings and Significance

The study found that EIAVFDDV13 could induce resistance to the pathogenic EIAV strain in eMDM. This was related to an up-regulation in the expression of sELR1 and IFNβ and the activation of the TLR3 pathway.

  • This means that the attenuated EIAV strain can prepare the horse’s immune system to gear up responses, including IFNβ and sELR1 against a more dangerous EIAV strain.
  • The TLR3 pathway was found to be critical to this resistance, and reduction of its activity resulted in a drop in the EIAV resistance level.

This research provides valuable insights on how the Indonesian EIAV vaccine might work, paving the way for further studies to test if these findings could be used in the development of effective vaccines.

Cite This Article

APA
Ma J, Wang SS, Lin YZ, Liu HF, Liu Q, Wei HM, Wang XF, Wang YH, Du C, Kong XG, Zhou JH, Wang X. (2014). Infection of equine monocyte-derived macrophages with an attenuated equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) strain induces a strong resistance to the infection by a virulent EIAV strain. Vet Res, 45(1), 82. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-014-0082-y

Publication

Veterinary research
ISSN: 1297-9716
NlmUniqueID: 9309551
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 45
Issue: 1
Pages: 82
PII: 82

Researcher Affiliations

Ma, Jian
    Wang, Shan-Shan
      Lin, Yue-Zhi
        Liu, Hai-Fang
          Liu, Qiang
            Wei, Hua-Mian
              Wang, Xue-Feng
                Wang, Yu-Hong
                  Du, Cheng
                    Kong, Xian-Gang
                      Zhou, Jian-Hua
                      • State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China. Jianhua_uc@126.com.
                      Wang, Xiaojun

                        MeSH Terms

                        • Animals
                        • Disease Resistance
                        • Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / veterinary
                        • Equine Infectious Anemia / genetics
                        • Equine Infectious Anemia / immunology
                        • Equine Infectious Anemia / virology
                        • Gene Expression Regulation
                        • Horse Diseases / genetics
                        • Horse Diseases / immunology
                        • Horse Diseases / virology
                        • Horses
                        • Infectious Anemia Virus, Equine / genetics
                        • Infectious Anemia Virus, Equine / physiology
                        • Interferon-beta / genetics
                        • Interferon-beta / metabolism
                        • Macrophages / immunology
                        • Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction / veterinary
                        • Receptors, Virus / genetics
                        • Receptors, Virus / metabolism
                        • Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / veterinary
                        • Toll-Like Receptor 3 / genetics
                        • Toll-Like Receptor 3 / metabolism
                        • Viral Vaccines / immunology

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                        This article has been cited 9 times.
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