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Home/Equine Research Bank/Med J Aust/Infection of humans and horses by a newly described morbilli...
The Medical journal of Australia1995; 162(12); 642-645; doi: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.1995.tb126050.x

Infection of humans and horses by a newly described morbillivirus.

Abstract: To describe the clinical and epidemiological features of an outbreak of a viral infection affecting humans and horses. Methods: Stables in Hendra, a suburb of Brisbane. Methods: Affected horses and humans, and at-risk human contacts. Results: A pregnant mare died two days after arrival from a paddock elsewhere in Brisbane. Eight to 11 days later, illness (depression, anorexia, fever, dyspnoea, ataxia, tachycardia, tachypnoea and nasal discharge) was reported among 17 other horses from the same or an adjoining stable. Fourteen horses died or were put down. Five and six days after the index mare's death, a stable-hand and then a horse-trainer, both of whom had had close contact with the sick mare's mucous secretions, developed influenza-like illnesses. The stable-hand recovered but the trainer developed pneumonitis, respiratory failure, renal failure and arterial thrombosis, and died from a cardiac arrest seven days after admission to hospital. A morbillivirus cultured from his kidney was identical to one isolated from the lungs of five affected horses. The two affected humans and eight other horses were seropositive for the infection, which was reproduced in healthy horses following challenge by spleen/lung homogenates from infected horses. There was no serological evidence of infection in 157 humans who had had contact with the stables or the sick horses or humans. Conclusions: A previously undescribed morbillivirus infected a probable 21 horses and two humans; one human and 14 horses died. That no further cases were detected among humans suggests that the virus was of low infectivity. The source of infection remains undetermined.
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Publication Date: 1995-06-19 PubMed ID: 7603375DOI: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.1995.tb126050.xGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The study investigates an outbreak of a new type of viral infection that affected humans and horses in Hendra, Australia. It reports the symptoms, transmission, effects, and potential origin of this morbillivirus.

Clinical Presentation and Epidemiology

  • The outbreak began with the death of a pregnant mare two days after it was brought from another location.
  • Eight to eleven days later, 17 other horses from the same stables or adjoining stables exhibited signs of illness such as depression, lack of appetite, fever, difficulty breathing, loss of coordination, increased heart rate, rapid breathing, and nasal discharge.
  • Ultimately, 14 of these horses either died or had to be euthanized due to the severity of their condition.

Human Infection

  • Five and six days after the mare’s death, a stable-hand and a horse-trainer developed flu-like symptoms. Both individuals had been in close contact with the infected mare’s mucous.
  • The stable-hand recovered, but the horse trainer’s condition worsened to include pneumonia, respiratory failure, kidney failure, and arterial thrombosis. The trainer eventually died from a cardiac arrest a week after being admitted to the hospital.

Virus Identification and Transmission

  • The morbillivirus causing this infection was isolated from the kidney of the deceased human patient and the lungs of five infected horses. It was confirmed that the pathogen was identical in both hosts.
  • The two infected humans and eight other horses were found to carry antibodies for the virus, indicating that they had been infected. This was further confirmed by exposing healthy horses to tissue samples from infected horses, resulting in similar infections.

Investigation into Further Spread

  • Despite the evident transmission of the virus to humans and horses, no antibodies were found in 157 people who had been in contact with the infected stables, horses, or human patients.

Conclusions

  • This study concludes that a previously unknown morbillivirus was responsible for the infection and death of 21 horses and two humans.
  • The absence of infection in others who had contact with the virus suggests that it may not be highly infectious.
  • Despite its observed effects, the original source of the virus remains undetermined.

Cite This Article

APA
Selvey LA, Wells RM, McCormack JG, Ansford AJ, Murray K, Rogers RJ, Lavercombe PS, Selleck P, Sheridan JW. (1995). Infection of humans and horses by a newly described morbillivirus. Med J Aust, 162(12), 642-645. https://doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1995.tb126050.x

Publication

The Medical journal of Australia
ISSN: 0025-729X
NlmUniqueID: 0400714
Country: Australia
Language: English
Volume: 162
Issue: 12
Pages: 642-645

Researcher Affiliations

Selvey, L A
  • Communicable Diseases Branch, Queensland Health, Brisbane.
Wells, R M
    McCormack, J G
      Ansford, A J
        Murray, K
          Rogers, R J
            Lavercombe, P S
              Selleck, P
                Sheridan, J W

                  MeSH Terms

                  • Adult
                  • Animals
                  • Disease Outbreaks / veterinary
                  • Fatal Outcome
                  • Horse Diseases / epidemiology
                  • Horse Diseases / virology
                  • Horses
                  • Humans
                  • Lung / pathology
                  • Lung / virology
                  • Male
                  • Middle Aged
                  • Morbillivirus / classification
                  • Morbillivirus / isolation & purification
                  • Morbillivirus Infections / epidemiology
                  • Morbillivirus Infections / veterinary
                  • Morbillivirus Infections / virology
                  • Queensland / epidemiology
                  • Respiratory Tract Infections / veterinary
                  • Respiratory Tract Infections / virology
                  • Seroepidemiologic Studies
                  • Serologic Tests

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