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Equine veterinary journal2024; doi: 10.1111/evj.14408

Intra-arterial contrast enhanced computed tomography of the deep digital flexor tendon and palmar veins in the distal forelimb in Jeju horses: Evaluating contrast-enhancing factors.

Abstract: Few studies have investigated the adequate contrast enhancement (CE) evaluation depending on concentration, volume, and rate of administration of contrast media (CM) and the scan parameters in equine contrast enhanced computed tomography (CECT). Objective: To investigate CE of the deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT) and veins depending on the computed tomography (CT) voltage and concentration, volume, and rate of CM administration during intra-arterial CECT of equine distal forelimbs. Methods: In vivo experiments. Methods: Six horses underwent 54 CT scans. First, the CE of DDFT and veins was evaluated depending on the voltage (80 kV and 250 mA or 120 kV and 150 mA) and CM concentration (150, 120, or 90 mg I/mL in 50 mL of CM). Second, CE of DDFT and veins was evaluated depending on the CM volume (50, 100, or 150 mL) and administration rate (2, 4, or 6 mL/s) with a fixed iodine delivery rate (IDR; 300 or 180 mg I/s). Results: Contrast enhancement of DDFT was significantly higher at 80 kV of voltage and 150 mg I/mL of CM concentration (Median: 29.65; IQR: 1.74; p < 0.05). CE of the DDFT positively correlated with CM concentration (p < 0.001; r = 0.75). At 180 mg I/s IDR, contrast attenuation in the medial and lateral palmar veins significantly decreased at a CM of 30 mg I/mL, rate of 6 mL/s, and volume of 150 mL (median and IQR: 985.93 and 71.8 Hounsfield units [HU] and 988.73 and 41.16 HU, respectively); the CE was sufficient to distinguish between the vessels and the adjacent structures. Conclusions: The number of animals was small. Conclusions: Our results suggest that a low CM concentration could yield sufficient CE of the DDFT and arteries with adjusted CT scanning parameters or volume and injection rate of CM. Unassigned: Nur wenige Studien haben die adäquate Bewertung der Kontrastverstärkung (CE) in Abhängigkeit von der Konzentration, dem Volumen und der Rate des Kontrastmittels (CM) und den Scan‐Parametern in der kontrastverstärkten Computertomographie (CECT) bei Pferden untersucht. Unassigned: Wir untersuchten die CE der tiefen Beugesehne (DDFT) und der Venen in Abhängigkeit von der CT‐Spannung und der Konzentration, dem Volumen und der Rate des CM während der intra‐arteriellen CECT an den distalen Vorderbeinen von Pferden. Methods: In‐vivo Studie. Methods: Sechs Pferde wurden vierundfünfzig CT‐Scans unterzogen. Zunächst wurde die CE von DDFT und Venen in Abhängigkeit von der Spannung (80 kV und 250 mA oder 120 kV und 150 mA) und der CM‐Konzentration (150, 120 oder 90 mg I/mL in 50 mL CM) bewertet. Zweitens wurde die CE von DDFT und Venen in Abhängigkeit vom CM‐Volumen (50, 100 oder 150 mL) und der Verabreichungsrate (2, 4 oder 6 mL/s) mit einer festen Jodverabreichungsrate (IDR; 300 oder 180 mg I/s) bewertet. Unassigned: Die CE der DDFT war bei einer Spannung von 80 kV und einer CM‐Konzentration von 150 mg I/ml signifikant höher (Median: 29,65; IQR: 1,74; p < 0.05). Die CE der DDFT korrelierte positiv mit der CM‐Konzentration (p < 0.001; r = 0,75). Bei 180 mg I/s IDR nahm die Kontrastmittelabschwächung in den medialen und lateralen Palmarvenen bei einer CM von 30 mg I/mL, einer Rate von 6 mL/s und einem Volumen von 150 mL signifikant ab (Median und IQR: 985,93 und 71,8 Hounsfield‐Einheiten [HU] bzw. 988,73 und 41,16 HU); die CE reichte aus, um zwischen den Gefäßen und den angrenzenden Strukturen zu unterscheiden. HAUPTEINSCHRÄNKUNGEN: Die Anzahl der Tiere war gering. Unassigned: Unsere Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass eine niedrige CM‐Konzentration mit angepassten CT‐Scan‐Parametern bzw. CM‐Volumen und ‐Injektionsrate eine ausreichende CE der DDFT und Arterien ergeben könnte.
Publication Date: 2024-09-19 PubMed ID: 39297620DOI: 10.1111/evj.14408Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research study focuses on evaluating contrast enhancement in equine computed tomography, specifically in the deep digital flexor tendon and palmar veins of Jeju horses. It investigates how various parameters such as voltage, concentration, volume, and rate of contrast media administration can influence the contrast enhancement.

Research Background

  • The underlying motivation for this research is the lack of comprehensive studies on contrast enhancement in equine computed tomography, particularly in relation to how contrast media application parameters can influence results.
  • The key research objective was to understand how computed tomography voltage and the volume and rate of contrast media (CM) administration affected contrast enhancement in the deep digital flexor tendon and veins in horse forelimbs.

Research Methodology

  • This study was carried out using six Jeju horses that were subjected to fifty-four computed tomography (CT) scans.
  • Varying CT voltage, contrast media concentration, injection volume, and rate were analyzed. Two sets of experiments were conducted: one looking at the impact of voltage and CM concentration, and another investigating changes due to CM volume and administration rate.

Results of the Study

  • The researchers found that contrast enhancement of the deep digital flexor tendon was higher at 80 kV of voltage and 150 mg I/mL of CM concentration.
  • Contrast enhancement positively correlated with CM concentration, suggesting that higher concentrations of CM administration offered better enhancement.
  • Contrast enhancement also varied with iodine delivery rate, contrast media volume, and administration rate leading to distinguishable results between vessels and adjacent anatomical structures.

Conclusions

  • Despite the small sample size, the study was able to establish significant findings related to contrast enhancement in equine CT scans.
  • Based on these findings, researchers suggest that lower CM concentration could offer sufficing contrast enhancement of the deep digital flexor tendon and arteries when adjusted to appropriate CT scanning parameters, or with consideration to the volume and injection rate of CM.

Please note, part of the provided text seems to be a duplicate in a different language. The information in English has been used to explain this article.

Cite This Article

APA
Lee S, Shin KY, Lee K, Seo JP. (2024). Intra-arterial contrast enhanced computed tomography of the deep digital flexor tendon and palmar veins in the distal forelimb in Jeju horses: Evaluating contrast-enhancing factors. Equine Vet J. https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.14408

Publication

ISSN: 2042-3306
NlmUniqueID: 0173320
Country: United States
Language: English

Researcher Affiliations

Lee, Seyoung
  • College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea.
Shin, Kwang-Yun
  • Institute for Livestock Promotion, Jeju-Special Self-Governing Province, Jeju, South Korea.
Lee, Kija
  • College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea.
Seo, Jong-Pil
  • College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea.

Grant Funding

  • Jeju National University

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This article includes 20 references
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Citations

This article has been cited 1 times.
  1. Kim T, Lee S, Seo JP. Evaluation of computed tomographic anatomy of the foot in Jeju horses. J Vet Sci 2026 Jan;27(1):e7.
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