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Isolation of eastern equine encephalitis virus from Aedes sollicitans during an epizootic in southern New Jersey.
Abstract: Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEE) was isolated from the salt marsh mosquito, Aedes sollicitans, collected from coastal areas of New Jersey on 3 occasions during the late summer and fall of 1982. The isolations were made at a time when local Culiseta melanura were either undergoing a population increase or exhibiting high levels of EEE virus. Although no human cases were reported during the epizootic period, the data lend support to the hypothesis that Ae. sollicitans is capable of functioning as an epidemic vector in the coastal areas of New Jersey where human cases of EEE have been most common.
Publication Date: 1986-03-01 PubMed ID: 2853203 The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
- Research Support
- U.S. Gov't
- Non-P.H.S.
Summary
This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.
This research studied the major outbreak of Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEE) in New Jersey in 1982, which they found was carried by the Aedes sollicitans mosquito species. Despite the presence of the virus, no human cases were reported during the outbreak.
Overview of Findings
- The study focused on the outbreak of Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEE), a mosquito-borne disease, in coastal areas of New Jersey in 1982.
- During the outbreak, EEE virus was isolated three times from the mosquito species Aedes sollicitans. These mosquitoes were collected from salt marshes.
Timing of Isolation
- The isolation of the virus was made during the late summer and fall, typical peak times for mosquito populations.
- The discovery of the virus in Aedes sollicitans coincided with either an increase in the population of a different mosquito species, Culiseta melanura, or instances of high EEE virus levels in that species.
The Role of Aedes sollicitans
- Though no human cases of EEE were reported during the outbreak, the findings suggest that Aedes sollicitans mosquitoes are potentially capable of playing an important role as epidemic vectors in the transmission of EEE in the areas studied.
- This assumption is based on the fact that human cases of EEE have been most common in the coastal areas of New Jersey where Aedes sollicitans mosquitoes were found to be carrying the virus.
Significance of the Research
- Based on these findings, researchers suggest that the role of Aedes sollicitans in the transmission of EEE should be further studied as they could be a significant factor in controlling and preventing future outbreaks.
- This research not only helps in understanding the ecology of EEE virus but also provides a clue towards formulating effective public health strategies, especially in areas where these specific species of mosquitoes are found.
Cite This Article
APA
Crans WJ, McNelly J, Schulze TL, Main A.
(1986).
Isolation of eastern equine encephalitis virus from Aedes sollicitans during an epizootic in southern New Jersey.
J Am Mosq Control Assoc, 2(1), 68-72.
Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Mosquito Research and Control, Cook College, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08903.
MeSH Terms
- Aedes / microbiology
- Alphavirus / isolation & purification
- Animals
- Disease Outbreaks / veterinary
- Ecology
- Encephalitis Virus, Eastern Equine / isolation & purification
- Encephalomyelitis, Equine / epidemiology
- Encephalomyelitis, Equine / transmission
- Encephalomyelitis, Equine / veterinary
- Horse Diseases / epidemiology
- Horse Diseases / transmission
- Horses
- Insect Vectors / microbiology
- New Jersey
Citations
This article has been cited 14 times.- Stobierski MG, Signs K, Dinh E, Cooley TM, Melotti J, Schalow M, Patterson JS, Bolin SR, Walker ED. Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitis in Michigan: Historical Review of Equine, Human, and Wildlife Involvement, Epidemiology, Vector Associations, and Factors Contributing to Endemicity. J Med Entomol 2022 Jan 12;59(1):27-40.
- Armstrong PM, Andreadis TG. Ecology and Epidemiology of Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus in the Northeastern United States: An Historical Perspective. J Med Entomol 2022 Jan 12;59(1):1-13.
- Egizi A, Martinsen ES, Vuong H, Zimmerman KI, Faraji A, Fonseca DM. Using Bloodmeal Analysis to Assess Disease Risk to Wildlife at the New Northern Limit of a Mosquito Species. Ecohealth 2018 Sep;15(3):543-554.
- Shepard JJ, Andreadis TG, Thomas MC, Molaei G. Host associations of mosquitoes at eastern equine encephalitis virus foci in Connecticut, USA. Parasit Vectors 2016 Aug 30;9(1):474.
- Molaei G, Armstrong PM, Graham AC, Kramer LD, Andreadis TG. Insights into the recent emergence and expansion of eastern equine encephalitis virus in a new focus in the Northern New England USA. Parasit Vectors 2015 Oct 9;8:516.
- Saxton-Shaw KD, Ledermann JP, Kenney JL, Berl E, Graham AC, Russo JM, Powers AM, Mutebi JP. The first outbreak of eastern equine encephalitis in Vermont: outbreak description and phylogenetic relationships of the virus isolate. PLoS One 2015;10(6):e0128712.
- Gardner CL, Choi-Nurvitadhi J, Sun C, Bayer A, Hritz J, Ryman KD, Klimstra WB. Natural variation in the heparan sulfate binding domain of the eastern equine encephalitis virus E2 glycoprotein alters interactions with cell surfaces and virulence in mice. J Virol 2013 Aug;87(15):8582-90.
- Vander Kelen PT, Downs JA, Stark LM, Loraamm RW, Anderson JH, Unnasch TR. Spatial epidemiology of eastern equine encephalitis in Florida. Int J Health Geogr 2012 Nov 5;11:47.
- Leisnham PT, Sandoval-Mohapatra S. Mosquitoes associated with ditch-plugged and control tidal salt marshes on the Delmarva Peninsula. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2011 Aug;8(8):3099-113.
- Oliveira A, Katholi CR, Burkett-Cadena N, Hassan HK, Kristensen S, Unnasch TR. Temporal analysis of feeding patterns of Culex erraticus in central Alabama. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2011 Apr;11(4):413-21.
- Rochlin I, Iwanejko T, Dempsey ME, Ninivaggi DV. Geostatistical evaluation of integrated marsh management impact on mosquito vectors using before-after-control-impact (BACI) design. Int J Health Geogr 2009 Jun 23;8:35.
- Arrigo NC, Watts DM, Frolov I, Weaver SC. Experimental infection of Aedes sollicitans and Aedes taeniorhynchus with two chimeric Sindbis/Eastern equine encephalitis virus vaccine candidates. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2008 Jan;78(1):93-7.
- Calisher CH. Medically important arboviruses of the United States and Canada. Clin Microbiol Rev 1994 Jan;7(1):89-116.
- Sellers RF, Maarouf AR. Trajectory analysis of winds and eastern equine encephalitis in USA, 1980-5. Epidemiol Infect 1990 Apr;104(2):329-43.
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