Kinematic differences between the distal portions of the forelimbs and hind limbs of horses at the trot.

The research explores the differences between the movement of horses’ forelimbs and hind limbs during trotting. The study found that the distal portion of the forelimbs undergoes more kinematic stress than the hind limbs, which could be linked to the higher incidence of lameness in the forelimbs.

Objective of the Research

• The primary objective of the research was to compare the movement patterns (kinematics) of the hoof and fetlock in the forelimbs and hind limbs of horses while trotting.

Methodology

• The research used 24 clinically normal horses performing a trot on a treadmill at a speed of 4 m/s.
• Modern gait analysis equipment was used to record the movements and calculate the vertical and horizontal hoof velocity at impact, vertical and horizontal hoof acceleration, and the rate and extent of fetlock extension.

Key Findings

• The researchers found that at the beginning of the stance phase, the forelimb experiences more kinematic stress compared to the hind limb.
• The data showed a higher vertical hoof velocity and resulting acceleration in the forelimb than the hind limb.
• Conversely, the horizontal velocity and resulting acceleration were found to be higher in hind limbs.
• The fetlock joint of the forelimb was observed to extend at a faster rate after impact, with its peak maximum and minimum accelerations also significantly higher.

Interpretations and Implications

• The findings suggest the distal portion of the forelimb is loaded more rapidly and goes through more oscillatory changes, which may make it more prone to osteoarthrosis.
• This could explain the known higher incidence of chronic lameness in horses’ forelimbs, as mentioned in current literature.

Conclusion

• This study therefore identifies important differences in hoof and fetlock kinematics between forelimbs and hind limbs in horses, which potentially contribute to a higher risk of lameness disorders.