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Home / Equine Research Bank / Animals (Basel) / Laterality in Horse Training: Psychological and Physical Bal...
Animals : an open access journal from MDPI2022; 12(8); 1042; doi: 10.3390/ani12081042

Laterality in Horse Training: Psychological and Physical Balance and Coordination and Strength Rather Than Straightness.

Abstract: For centuries, a goal of training in many equestrian disciplines has been to straighten the horse, which is considered a key element in achieving its responsiveness and suppleness. However, laterality is a naturally occurring phenomenon in horses and encompasses body asymmetry, motor laterality and sensory laterality. Furthermore, forcibly counterbalancing motor laterality has been considered a cause of psychological imbalance in humans. Perhaps asymmetry and laterality should rather be accepted, with a focus on training psychological and physical balance, coordination and equal strength on both sides instead of enforcing "straightness". To explore this, we conducted a review of the literature on the function and causes of motor and sensory laterality in horses, especially in horses when trained on the ground or under a rider. The literature reveals that body asymmetry is innate but does not prevent the horse from performing at a high level under a rider. Motor laterality is equally distributed in feral horses, while in domestic horses, age, breed, training and carrying a rider may cause left leg preferences. Most horses initially observe novel persons and potentially threatening objects or situations with their left sensory organs. Pronounced preferences for the use of left sensory organs or limbs indicate that the horse is experiencing increased emotionality or stress, and long-term insufficiencies in welfare, housing or training may result in left shifts in motor and sensory laterality and pessimistic mentalities. Therefore, increasing laterality can be regarded as an indicator for insufficiencies in housing, handling and training. We propose that laterality be recognized as a welfare indicator and that straightening the horse should be achieved by conducting training focused on balance, coordination and equal strength on both sides.
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Publication Date: 2022-04-16 PubMed ID: 35454288PubMed Central: PMC9028236DOI: 10.3390/ani12081042Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research study explores the natural phenomenon of laterality in horses – that is, the preference for one side of the body over the other – and argues that it should be taken into account in horse training rather than trying to enforce “straightness”. The paper argues that increased laterality can be an important indicator of welfare issues in the horse.

Background

  • Horse training has traditionally aimed to “straighten” the horse, ensuring equal responsiveness and suppleness on both sides.
  • However, “laterality” – the natural preference for one side of the body over the other in movement or sensory input – is a common phenomenon in horses. This includes body asymmetry, motor laterality (movement) and sensory laterality.
  • The existing research suggests that attempting to forcibly counterbalance motor laterality can potentially cause psychological imbalance.

Review of the literature

  • The review focused on studies examining the causes and impacts of motor and sensory laterality in horses, particularly when trained on the ground or ridden.
  • The findings suggested that body asymmetry is not a barrier to high level performance under a rider, and motor laterality is evenly distributed in wild horses.
  • In domestic horses, factors such as age, breed, training, and carrying a rider might lead to a preference for the left side.

Sensory laterality

  • Most horses initially react to new people, potentially threatening objects, or stressful situations using their left sensory organs.
  • Strong preferences for using the left side for sensory input might indicate increased emotional reactivity or stress in the horse, and persistent lack of welfare, inappropriate housing, or improper training might lead to a left-ward shift in both motor and sensory laterality.

Proposed approach

  • The authors propose that laterality should be seen as an important welfare indicator in horses.
  • They advocate for a change in training focus from enforcing physical “straightness” to promoting psychological and physical balance, coordination, and equal strength on both sides.

Cite This Article

APA
Krueger K, Schwarz S, Marr I, Farmer K. (2022). Laterality in Horse Training: Psychological and Physical Balance and Coordination and Strength Rather Than Straightness. Animals (Basel), 12(8), 1042. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12081042

Publication

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
ISSN: 2076-2615
NlmUniqueID: 101635614
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 12
Issue: 8
PII: 1042

Researcher Affiliations

Krueger, Konstanze
  • Department Equine Economics, Faculty Agriculture, Economics and Management, Nuertingen-Geislingen University, Neckarsteige 6-10, 72622 Nuertingen, Germany.
  • Zoology/Evolutionary Biology, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
Schwarz, Sophie
  • Behavioural Physiology of Farm Animals, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstr. 17, 70599 Hohenheim, Germany.
Marr, Isabell
  • Department Equine Economics, Faculty Agriculture, Economics and Management, Nuertingen-Geislingen University, Neckarsteige 6-10, 72622 Nuertingen, Germany.
  • Behavioural Physiology of Farm Animals, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstr. 17, 70599 Hohenheim, Germany.
Farmer, Kate
  • Centre for Social Learning & Cognitive Evolution, School of Psychology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Scotland KY16 9JPh, UK.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Citations

This article has been cited 1 times.
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