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Frontiers in veterinary science2022; 8; 793631; doi: 10.3389/fvets.2021.793631

Long-Term Follow-Up of Restorations of Equine Cheek Teeth Infundibula (2006-2017).

Abstract: Caries of the infundibula of equine cheek teeth can lead to significant dental disease including increased attritional wear, pulpar and apical disease, secondary sinusitis, and dental fracture. Restorations of cavities of equine cheek teeth infundibula have been performed since 1889. Recent advances in dental materials, instrumentation, and techniques have facilitated the use of dental restoration techniques by equine veterinary practitioners. No studies to date have demonstrated the safety or efficacy of restorations of equine cheek teeth infundibula. Objective: To assess the long-term results of restorations of equine cheek teeth affected by infundibular caries, to report on the safety of the procedure, and to give guidelines for future restorative therapies. Methods: Retrospective analysis of results of clinical and oroscopic examination of horses that underwent infundibular restoration procedures between 2006 and 2017. Methods: A total of 223 infundibula in 185 maxillary cheek teeth in 92 horses were restored using a variety of dental materials including glass ionomer cement, flowable and compactible resin composites. The time between restoration and re-examination was recorded along with findings of clinical signs in the interim, restorative material loss, and any further pathological changes of the teeth including caries progression, fracture, or apical disease. Follow-up examinations were performed over two study periods 2006-2012 and in 2017. Results: Over the full study period, 99% of treated horses available for follow-up examinations had no adverse clinical signs or developed any abnormalities of restored teeth observable on oroscopic examination. Of horses re-examined, 83% of restorations were shown to have minimal or no loss of the restoration material, with occlusal surface wear visibly comparable to other adjacent maxillary teeth. Statistical analysis showed success of the procedure was related to the restorative material used, the restoration technique, and the caries grade present at the time of restoration (grade 3 is more successful than grade 2). Conclusions: There are no case controls in this study and therefore it is not clear if restoration of equine infundibula is a consistently beneficial procedure, or at which grade of caries progression restorations should be performed for optimum benefit. The procedures were not re-examined at consistent regular times creating some difficulties in standardizing results. Re-examinations of treated horses did not consistently include radiography or computed tomography and therefore some apical changes may have occurred in treated teeth without visual oroscopic or external clinical signs. Conclusions: Restoration of equine infundibula using materials developed for human dentistry including flowable resin composites is a safe and long-lasting procedure and appears to prevent the development of further pathological changes including apical infection and dental fracture.
Copyright © 2022 Pearce and Brooks.
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Publication Date: 2022-01-14 PubMed ID: 35127882PubMed Central: PMC8809405DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.793631Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

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The research article investigates the long-term effects and safety of restoration procedures carried out on equine cheek teeth affected by infundibular caries from 2006 to 2017. It then provides insight into future restorative therapies.

Research Method

  • A retrospective analysis was carried out on the clinical and oroscopic examinations of horses that had undergone infundibular restoration procedures between 2006 and 2017.
  • The study included a total of 223 infundibula in 185 maxillary cheek teeth from 92 horses, and these were restored using different dental materials such as glass ionomer cement, flowable and compactible resin composites.
  • The period between the restoration and the re-examination was recorded. Additionally, various observations were made during that period, such as clinical signs, restorative material loss, and further teeth pathological changes like caries progression, fracture, or apical disease.
  • The study was divided into two periods for examination: 2006-2012 and in 2017.

Research Findings

  • The research revealed that over the entire study period, 99% of the treated horses had no adverse clinical signs or observable abnormalities on the restored teeth during the oroscopic examination.
  • It was found that 83% of the restorations had minimal or no loss of the restoration material, and the occlusal surface wear was visibly similar to adjacent maxillary teeth.
  • The successfulness of the procedure was statistically related to the restorative material used, the restoration technique, and the caries grade at the time of the restoration where grade 3 was more successful than grade 2.

Research Conclusions

  • The study has no case controls, making it unclear whether restoration of equine infundibula is consistently beneficial or the grade at which caries progression restorations should be performed for optimal benefits.
  • There were some difficulties encountered in standardizing results due to inconsistent re-examination times.
  • Not all re-examinations of treated horses included radiography or computed tomography. It’s, therefore, likely that some apical changes may have happened in treated teeth without visual oroscopic or external clinical signs.
  • The use of materials for human dentistry, such as flowable resin composites, for the restoration of horses’ teeth, was deemed safe and long-lasting. The procedure also appears to prevent further pathological changes such as apical infection and dental fractures.

Cite This Article

APA
Pearce CJ, Brooks N. (2022). Long-Term Follow-Up of Restorations of Equine Cheek Teeth Infundibula (2006-2017). Front Vet Sci, 8, 793631. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.793631

Publication

Frontiers in veterinary science
ISSN: 2297-1769
NlmUniqueID: 101666658
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 8
Pages: 793631
PII: 793631

Researcher Affiliations

Pearce, Christopher J
  • Equine Dental Clinic Ltd, Wimborne, United Kingdom.
Brooks, Nicky
  • Equine Dental Clinic Ltd, Wimborne, United Kingdom.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

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Citations

This article has been cited 1 times.
  1. Bishop IT. Diagnostic value of full-mouth radiography in horses. Front Vet Sci 2022;9:971886.
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