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Home/Equine Research Bank/Animals (Basel)/Mental Experiences in Wild Animals: Scientifically Validatin...
Animals : an open access journal from MDPI2023; 13(9); 1507; doi: 10.3390/ani13091507

Mental Experiences in Wild Animals: Scientifically Validating Measurable Welfare Indicators in Free-Roaming Horses.

Abstract: The mental experiences of animals are what characterises their welfare status. The Five Domains Model for assessing welfare aligns with the understanding that physical and mental states are linked. Following measurement of indicators within each of the four physical/functional Domains (1. Nutrition; 2. Physical environment; 3. Health; and 4. Behavioural interactions), the anticipated negative or positive affective consequences (mental experiences) are cautiously inferred and assigned to Domain 5. Those inferences derive credibility from validated knowledge of the underlying systems of physiology, neurophysiology, neuroethology and affective neuroscience. Any indicators used for assessing welfare need to be scientifically validated. This requires, firstly, evidence of the links between a measurable/observable indicator and the physical/functional impact (in Domains 1 to 4), and secondly, a demonstrable relationship between the physical/functional impact and the mental experience it is inferred the indicators reflect (in Domain five). This review refers to indicators of physical/functional states in Domains 1 to 4, which have been shown to be measurable in free-roaming wild horses, and then evaluates the scientific evidence linking them to inferred mental experiences in Domain 5. This is the first time that the scientific evidence validating a comprehensive range of welfare indicators has been synthesised in this way. Inserting these indicators into the Five Domains Model enables transparently justifiable assessment and grading of welfare status in free-roaming horses.
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Publication Date: 2023-04-28 PubMed ID: 37174544PubMed Central: PMC10177449DOI: 10.3390/ani13091507Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article discusses how the mental experiences of wild animals, particularly free-roaming horses, can be scientifically validated as indicators of their welfare status. It does so by utilizing the Five Domains Model which examines both physical and mental factors to ascertain an animal’s wellbeing.

Understanding the Mental Experiences in Animals

  • The research strongly emphasizes the importance of mental experiences in understanding the welfare state of animals. These experiences are identified as essential because they are a reflection of how the animal responds to its environment which, in turn, affects its overall wellness.
  • The Five Domains Model is used as a framework in the research to systematically observe and evaluate animal welfare. This model categorizes the indicators into five domains: nutrition, physical environment, health, behavioural interactions, and the resulting mental experiences from the first four domains.

Finding Credibility in Inference

  • The researchers assert that the credibility of their inferences is validated by existing scientific knowledge. Studies and data from the fields of physiology, neurophysiology, neuroethology, and affective neuroscience serve as a base that lends these inferences empirical veracity.
  • This provides a strong scientific foundation that allows for the inference of the mental experience (Domain 5) from the physical/functional indicators (Domains 1 to 4).

The Validation Process

  • The validation of welfare indicators process consists of two parts. Firstly, evidence is needed to establish a link between a measurable/observable indicator and its physical/functional impact. Secondly, there must be a demonstrable relationship between this physical/functional impact and the inferred mental experience.
  • The validation process ensures that the chosen indicators are firmly rooted in empirical evidence, rendering their application in assessing welfare both accurate and scientifically grounded.

Applying the Model to Free-Roaming Horses

  • The research focuses specifically on free-roaming horses, using these indicators measured in Domains 1 to 4. It is the first time scientific evidence is synthesized this way, providing an insightful perspective into the mental experiences of these animals.
  • The findings allow for a transparent and justified assessment of welfare status in free-roaming horses – essentially providing a method by which the physical and mental states of these animals can be accurately gauged.

Cite This Article

APA
Harvey AM, Beausoleil NJ, Ramp D, Mellor DJ. (2023). Mental Experiences in Wild Animals: Scientifically Validating Measurable Welfare Indicators in Free-Roaming Horses. Animals (Basel), 13(9), 1507. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13091507

Publication

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
ISSN: 2076-2615
NlmUniqueID: 101635614
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 13
Issue: 9
PII: 1507

Researcher Affiliations

Harvey, Andrea M
  • Centre for Compassionate Conservation, TD School, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia.
Beausoleil, Ngaio J
  • Animal Welfare Science and Bioethics Centre, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
Ramp, Daniel
  • Centre for Compassionate Conservation, TD School, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia.
Mellor, David J
  • Animal Welfare Science and Bioethics Centre, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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