Modelling impact-initiated wave transmission through lung parenchyma in relation to the aetiology of exercise-induced pulmonary haemorrhage.
Abstract: Recently we proposed that exercise-induced pulmonary haemorrhage (EIPH) results from locomotory-impact-induced trauma by impact of the scapula on the chest wall during footfall and the consequent transmission of waves through the lung. A computational model has been developed to demonstrate that wave amplification and focusing occur in the dorsocaudal tip of the lung for waves originating on the anterior subscapular surface. The propagation of an acoustic wave was investigated in a simplified 2-dimensional representation of a vertical anterio-dorsal section of horse lung. It was demonstrated that a complicated pattern of waves is transmitted from the scapula to the dorsal region. Wave motion was characterised using the instantaneous rate of change of pressure with time (dp/dt) which is associated with lung injury. Due to wave reflection and focusing, dp/dt is transiently very high on the spinal and diaphragmatic lung walls, particularly in the vicinity of the dorsal tip. The model therefore predicts that lung injury may occur in the region in which EIPH is reported to originate.
Publication Date: 2000-02-05 PubMed ID: 10659218DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1999.tb05184.xGoogle Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
Summary
This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.
This study suggests that exercise-induced pulmonary haemorrhage (EIPH) in horses could be a result of trauma caused by the impact of the scapula (shoulder blade) on the chest wall and the subsequent transmission of waves through the lung during movement.
Research Objectives and Basis
- The main aim of the research was to investigate the theory that exercise-induced pulmonary haemorrhage (EIPH) in horses is caused by the impact of the scapula on the chest wall and subsequent transmission of waves through the lung tissue during movement.
- This theory has been proposed before, but for the first time it has been tested using a computational model which was developed by the authors.
- The model was designed to examine the origin, amplification, and focusing of these waves, particularly in the dorsocaudal tip of the lung (back and lower end of the lung).
Methods Used
- The authors used a simplified 2-dimensional representation of an anterio-dorsal (front and upper) section of a horse’s lung to investigate the propagation of an acoustic wave.
- Wave motion was characterized using the instantaneous rate of change of pressure with time (dp/dt), which could indicate potential lung injury.
Research Findings
- Results demonstrate that a complicated pattern of waves is transmitted from the scapula to the dorsal region (back part) of the lungs due to the impact during movement.
- Due to the effects of wave reflection and focusing, the rate of change of pressure was found to be transiently very high on the spinal and diaphragmatic lung walls, especially around the dorsal tip.
- High pressure changes in these regions may lead to lung injury and potentially develop into EIPH.
Conclusion
- The computational model used supports the hypothesis that EIPH could be a result of trauma to the lung tissue caused by the impact of the scapula on the chest wall and the wave transmission resulting from this impact.
- Specifically, the findings highlight the potential for lung injuries to occur in regions where EIPH is often reported to originate: the dorsocaudal tip of the lung and surrounding areas.
Cite This Article
APA
Schroter RC, Leeming A, Denny E, Bharath A, Marlin DJ.
(2000).
Modelling impact-initiated wave transmission through lung parenchyma in relation to the aetiology of exercise-induced pulmonary haemorrhage.
Equine Vet J Suppl(30), 34-38.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3306.1999.tb05184.x Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Biological and Medical Systems, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London, UK.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Hemorrhage / physiopathology
- Hemorrhage / veterinary
- Horse Diseases / physiopathology
- Horses
- Models, Cardiovascular
- Physical Conditioning, Animal
- Pulmonary Circulation
- Respiratory Mechanics
Citations
This article has been cited 3 times.- Sugiyama F, Takahashi Y, Nomura M, Ebisuda Y, Mukai K, Yoshida T. Risk Factors for Epistaxis in Thoroughbred Flat Races in Japan (2001-2020).. Animals (Basel) 2023 Apr 14;13(8).
- Poole DC, Erickson HH. Exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage: where are we now?. Vet Med (Auckl) 2016;7:133-148.
- Hsia CC, Schmitz A, Lambertz M, Perry SF, Maina JN. Evolution of air breathing: oxygen homeostasis and the transitions from water to land and sky.. Compr Physiol 2013 Apr;3(2):849-915.
Use Nutrition Calculator
Check if your horse's diet meets their nutrition requirements with our easy-to-use tool Check your horse's diet with our easy-to-use tool
Talk to a Nutritionist
Discuss your horse's feeding plan with our experts over a free phone consultation Discuss your horse's diet over a phone consultation
Submit Diet Evaluation
Get a customized feeding plan for your horse formulated by our equine nutritionists Get a custom feeding plan formulated by our nutritionists
