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PloS one2020; 15(1); e0226988; doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226988

Modelling of amino acid turnover in the horse during training and racing: A basis for developing a novel supplementation strategy.

Abstract: Horses in heavy training in preparation for racing and competition have increased metabolic demands to support the more intensive levels of exercise and recovery. However, little is known at the metabolic level about amino acid turnover and the specific alterations of demand caused by high intensity exercise. During exercise, certain amino acids are required in greater quantities due to disproportionate losses via excretory systems and usage in biosynthetic pathways. This investigation has built a theoretical computer model in an attempt to bring together the published rates of protein intake and utilisation to try to understand how some amino acids might be in higher demand than others. The model indicated that after evaluation of the daily amino acid turnover, glutamine/glutamic acid (Glx), serine and ornithine were in negative nitrogen balance which identified these amino acids as critical limiting factors for anabolism. Adjustment of the modelling conditions to cater for high intensity training indicated that an additional demand was placed on eight amino acids, including GLx, valine, lysine, histidine and phenylalanine which could thus become limiting under these conditions. The modelling results indicated that an amino acid supplement with the correct amino acids to match demand could theoretically be beneficial to a 500Kg horse in quantities of 20-80g/day. These results open new avenues of research for specifically tailoring amino acid supplementation to meet demands for sports horses in heavy training and improving general well-being, especially in hotter climates.
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Publication Date: 2020-01-03 PubMed ID: 31899789PubMed Central: PMC6941815DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226988Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research aims to understand the changes in amino acid demand in horses during rigorous training and racing, with the hope of developing a more effective supplementation strategy. It uses a computer model to study the rates of protein intake and utilisation, identifying which amino acids may be needed in greater quantities during exercise.

Modelling Amino Acid Turnover

The researchers created a computer model to understand how amino acids might be in higher demand during training and racing. Here are the key findings:

  • During exercise, some amino acids are lost or used more than others. These amino acids might then be in higher demand for horses in heavy training or racing.
  • The computer model brought together several published studies on protein intake and utilisation in horses. This helped researchers to understand overall amino acid turnover and determine which amino acids were used disproportionately during exercise.

Amino Acids in Higher Demand

The model revealed specific amino acids that were required in greater quantities. Here are the primary findings:

  • The amino acids glutamine/glutamic acid (Glx), serine and ornithine were found to be in negative nitrogen balance, indicating these might be critical limiting factors for anabolism in horses during exercise.
  • When the researchers adjusted the model to reflect the conditions of high-intensity training, they found that eight amino acids, including Glx, valine, lysine, histidine and phenylalanine, were in higher demand and could become limiting under these conditions.

Novel Supplementation Strategy

Based on the data from the model, the research provides a basis for developing a novel supplementation strategy. Here is what the researchers found:

  • The findings suggested that a supplement with the correct amino acids could benefit horses during training or racing. Specifically, a 500 kg horse may theoretically need between 20 and 80 grams per day of such a supplement.
  • This research opens new avenues for creating tailored amino acid supplements for sport horses. It could also improve general well-being, particularly in hot climates where horses may lose more amino acids through sweating.

Cite This Article

APA
Dunstan RH, Macdonald MM, Thorn B, Wood D, Roberts TK. (2020). Modelling of amino acid turnover in the horse during training and racing: A basis for developing a novel supplementation strategy. PLoS One, 15(1), e0226988. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0226988

Publication

PloS one
ISSN: 1932-6203
NlmUniqueID: 101285081
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 15
Issue: 1
Pages: e0226988
PII: e0226988

Researcher Affiliations

Dunstan, R Hugh
  • School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.
Macdonald, Margaret M
  • School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.
Thorn, Brittany
  • School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.
Wood, David
  • Horsepower Pty Ltd, Windsor, NSW, Australia.
Roberts, Timothy K
  • School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.

MeSH Terms

  • Amino Acids / metabolism
  • Animals
  • Computer Simulation
  • Dietary Supplements
  • Homeostasis
  • Horses
  • Models, Theoretical
  • Nitrogen / metabolism
  • Physical Conditioning, Animal

Conflict of Interest Statement

Horsepower Pty Ltd represent an Australian industry partner with an interest in developing effective supplements in the equine industry. This company had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Dr David Wood works as a veterinarian consultant to Horsepower to provide independent advice. Dr Wood assisted us in the final stages of preparation of the manuscript and provided valuable insight for checking the protein model and clinical interpretation of the data.474 The university authors have not been paid as consultants and have not received any direct grant funding from Horsepower Pty Ltd. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials. Dr David Wood works as a veterinarian consultant to Horsepower to provide independent advice. Dr Wood assisted us in the final stages of preparation of the manuscript and provided valuable insight for checking the protein model and clinical interpretation of the data.474 The university authors have not been paid as consultants and have not received any direct grant funding from Horsepower Pty Ltd. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials. The work was supported by the Gideon Lang Research Foundation. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

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Citations

This article has been cited 3 times.
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  3. Wang J, Ren W, Li Z, Li L, Wang R, Ma S, Zeng Y, Meng J, Yao X. Plasma Lipidomics and Proteomics Analyses Pre- and Post-5000 m Race in Yili Horses. Animals (Basel) 2025 Mar 30;15(7).
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