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Veterinary research2014; 45(1); 31; doi: 10.1186/1297-9716-45-31

Molecular epidemiology of environmental MRSA at an equine teaching hospital: introduction, circulation and maintenance.

Abstract: The role that environmental contamination might play as a reservoir and a possible source of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) for patients and personnel at equine veterinary hospitals remains undefined, as the environment has only been monitored during outbreaks or for short periods. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to determine the monthly presence, distribution, and characteristics of environmental MRSA at an equine hospital, and to establish patterns of contamination over time using molecular epidemiological analyses. For this purpose, a yearlong active MRSA surveillance was performed targeting the environment and incoming patients. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing, SCCmec typing, PFGE typing, and dendrographic analysis were used to characterize and analyze these isolates. Overall, 8.6% of the surfaces and 5.8% of the horses sampled were positive for MRSA. The most common contaminated surfaces were: computers, feed-water buckets, and surgery tables-mats. Ninety percent of the isolates carried SCCmec type IV, and 62.0% were classified as USA500. Molecular analysis showed that new pulsotypes were constantly introduced into the hospital throughout the year. However, maintenance of strains in the environment was also observed when unique clones were detected for 2 consecutive months on the same surfaces. Additionally, pulsotypes were circulating throughout several areas and different contact surfaces of the hospital. Based on these results, it is evident that MRSA is constantly introduced and frequently found in the equine hospital environment, and that some contact surfaces could act as "hot-spots". These contaminated surfaces should be actively targeted for strict cleaning and disinfection as well as regular monitoring.
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Publication Date: 2014-03-19 PubMed ID: 24641543PubMed Central: PMC3974172DOI: 10.1186/1297-9716-45-31Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research investigates how environmental contamination contributes to Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections in an equine teaching hospital. The study tracks the presence, distribution, and characteristics of MRSA over a year, noting that affected surfaces could act as “hot-spots” for the bacteria, hence suggesting a need for increased cleaning and monitoring.

Introduction and Methodology

  • The researchers aim was to understand the role of environmental contamination as a possible reservoir for Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in equine veterinary hospitals. This became a point of interest because the environment has only been given a monitoring priority during outbreaks or short time periods.
  • The research objectives were to determine the monthly presence, distribution, and characteristics of environmental MRSA at an equine hospital and to establish patterns of contamination over time using molecular epidemiological analyses.
  • Active MRSA surveillance was carried out within a year in key areas. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing, SCCmec typing, PFGE typing, and dendrographic analysis techniques were employed to characterize and analyze these isolates.

Findings

  • Analysis showed that 8.6% of the surfaces and 5.8% of the horses sampled tested positive for MRSA.
  • The most common contaminated surfaces were computers, feed-water buckets, and surgery tables-mats.
  • 90% of the isolates had SCCmec type IV, and 62.0% were classified as USA500.
  • Molecular analysis indicated that new pulsotypes were constantly introduced into the hospital throughout the year.
  • Strain maintenance in the environment was observable when identical clones were detected for 2 consecutive months on the same surfaces.
  • Pulsotypes were found circulating throughout several areas and across different contact surfaces of the hospital.

Conclusion and Recommendations

  • The research showed a consistent introduction of MRSA into the hospital and its frequent presence in the environment.
  • Certain contact surfaces in the hospital possibly act as “hot-spots” for MRSA, suggesting the importance of these areas in disease transmission.
  • The study recommends active targeting of these contaminated surfaces for rigorous cleaning and disinfection, as well as regular monitoring to reduce the rates of MRSA infections in the hospital.

Cite This Article

APA
van Balen J, Mowery J, Piraino-Sandoval M, Nava-Hoet RC, Kohn C, Hoet AE. (2014). Molecular epidemiology of environmental MRSA at an equine teaching hospital: introduction, circulation and maintenance. Vet Res, 45(1), 31. https://doi.org/10.1186/1297-9716-45-31

Publication

Veterinary research
ISSN: 1297-9716
NlmUniqueID: 9309551
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 45
Issue: 1
Pages: 31

Researcher Affiliations

van Balen, Joany
    Mowery, Jade
      Piraino-Sandoval, Micha
        Nava-Hoet, Rocio C
          Kohn, Catherine
            Hoet, Armando E
            • Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1900 Coffey Road, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. hoet.1@osu.edu.

            MeSH Terms

            • Animals
            • Anti-Bacterial Agents / pharmacology
            • Bacterial Proteins / genetics
            • Colony Count, Microbial / veterinary
            • Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field / veterinary
            • Environmental Microbiology
            • Horse Diseases / epidemiology
            • Horse Diseases / microbiology
            • Horses
            • Hospitals, Animal
            • Hospitals, Teaching
            • Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus / classification
            • Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus / drug effects
            • Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus / genetics
            • Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus / isolation & purification
            • Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction / veterinary
            • Ohio / epidemiology
            • Seasons
            • Staphylococcal Infections / epidemiology
            • Staphylococcal Infections / microbiology
            • Staphylococcal Infections / veterinary

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