FREE SHIPPING over $40
OVER 9000 FIVE-STAR REVIEWS
5% OFF ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS
100% HAPPINESS GUARANTEE
Analyze Diet
0
Home / Equine Research Bank / Front Physiol / Monitoring Performance in Show Jumping Horses: Validity of N...
Frontiers in physiology2022; 12; 818381; doi: 10.3389/fphys.2021.818381

Monitoring Performance in Show Jumping Horses: Validity of Non-specific and Discipline-specific Field Exercise Tests for a Practicable Assessment of Aerobic Performance.

Abstract: Show jumping is a highly specialized equestrian discipline that requires technical skill but also power and fitness. Monitoring the horses' aerobic performance is therefore essential in order to verify whether the training has induced the desired cardiovascular and muscular adaptations. This study therefore aimed at evaluating the validity of non-specific and discipline-specific field exercise tests for objective evaluation of aerobic performance in show jumpers. For this purpose, data obtained from horses competing at Junior and Young Rider level during show jumping competitions as well as field exercise tests were retrospectively analyzed. The effect of the level of difficulty, the horses' age, the penalty score and the horses' previous level of performance on blood lactate concentrations after show jumping competitions (100 observations in 49 horses) was evaluated by linear mixed effects models (horse as random effect). Estimated marginal means significantly increased from 140 (4.1 mmol/L) to 150 cm (5.2 mmol/L) classes (P = 0.02). Furthermore, post-exercise lactate values significantly increased with the horses' age (P = 0.001). Another group of 12 horses performed a standardized incremental field exercise test on a track (SETtrack), a standardized show jumping course (SETcourse) and a standardized grid exercise (SETgrid) each on three consecutive days. Indices of aerobic performance, derived from the SETtrack [velocity at a heart rate of 140 bpm (V140) and at a lactate concentration of 2 mmol/L (V La2 )] were highly correlated with heart rate (V140: r = -0.75, P = 0.005; V La2 : r =-0.66, P = 0.02) and lactate (V140: r = -0.73, P = 0.02; V La2 : r = -0.72, P = 0.02) in response to SETcourse as well as heart rate during SETgrid (V140: r = -0.73, P = 0.02; V La2 : r = -0.76, P = 0.01). Subjective rating of muscular fatigue was significantly correlated to the mean heart rate during SETcourse (r = -0.64, P = 0.05) and SETgrid (r = -0.74, P = 0.02) but not to the aerobic indices calculated from SETtrack. Besides non-specific incremental field tests, performance monitoring in show jumpers should therefore also include discipline-specific tests that more closely reflect the internal load induced by show jumping competitions.
Copyright © 2022 Kirsch, Fercher, Horstmann, von Reitzenstein, Augustin and Lagershausen.
Get Full Text
Publication Date: 2022-01-14 PubMed ID: 35095574PubMed Central: PMC8795742DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.818381Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
LinkedInCopy
  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article aimed to validate the use of non-specific and discipline-specific field exercise tests for objectively assessing aerobic performance in show jumping horses. The study found that these tests, along with regular observations of horses during competitions, accurately reflect the physiological effects of the rigorous training and actual performance of these horses.

Objective of the Research

  • The purpose of this study was to validate the use of non-specific and discipline-specific field exercise tests for measuring the aerobic performance of show jumping horses.
  • The researchers sought to determine the effect of factors such as the level of difficulty, the horses’ age, the penalty score, and the horses’ past performance level on lactate concentrations in the horses’ blood after show jumping competitions.

Study Methodology

  • The study analysed retrospectively collected data from horses competing at the Junior and Young Rider level in show jumping competitions.
  • This data led to 100 observations from 49 horses and was critically evaluated by linear mixed-effects models (with the horse as a random effect).
  • A separate group of 12 horses underwent a standardised incremental field exercise test (SET), a standardised show jumping course, and a standardised grid exercise over three consecutive days.

Research Findings

  • The study found a significant increase in estimated marginal means from classes 140 (4.1 mmol/L) to 150 cm (5.2 mmol/L).
  • There was a significant increase in post-exercise lactate values with the horses’ age.
  • Indices of aerobic performance derived from the SET directly correlated with heart rate and lactate response.
  • A subjective rating of muscular fatigue was significantly related to the mean heart rate during the SET but not to the aerobic indices calculated from the SET.

Interpretation and Conclusions

  • The research verified the effectiveness of non-specific and discipline-specific field exercise tests in evaluating aerobic performance in show jumping horses.
  • The findings suggest that the monitoring of performance in show jumpers should include discipline-specific tests that closely reflect the internal load induced by show jumping competitions, alongside non-specific incremental field tests.
  • The study thus provides essential insights for trainers and veterinarians on how to monitor and adjust training methods that maximise the performance of show jumping horses.

Cite This Article

APA
Kirsch K, Fercher C, Horstmann S, von Reitzenstein C, Augustin J, Lagershausen H. (2022). Monitoring Performance in Show Jumping Horses: Validity of Non-specific and Discipline-specific Field Exercise Tests for a Practicable Assessment of Aerobic Performance. Front Physiol, 12, 818381. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.818381

Publication

Frontiers in physiology
ISSN: 1664-042X
NlmUniqueID: 101549006
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 12
Pages: 818381

Researcher Affiliations

Kirsch, Katharina
  • German Olympic Committee for Equestrian Sports, Warendorf, Germany.
Fercher, Christina
  • Olympic Training Center NRW/Westphalia, Warendorf, Germany.
Horstmann, Stephanie
  • German Olympic Committee for Equestrian Sports, Warendorf, Germany.
von Reitzenstein, Caroline
  • German Olympic Committee for Equestrian Sports, Warendorf, Germany.
Augustin, Julia
  • Olympic Training Center NRW/Westphalia, Warendorf, Germany.
Lagershausen, Henrike
  • German Olympic Committee for Equestrian Sports, Warendorf, Germany.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

References

This article includes 64 references
  1. Aguilera-Tejero E, Estepa J C, López I, Bas S, Mayer-Valor R, Rodríguez M. Quantitative analysis of acid-base balance in show jumpers before and after exercise. Res. Vet. Sci. 2000 68 103–108.
    doi: 10.1053/rvsc.1999.0341pubmed: 10756125google scholar: lookup
  2. Arfuso F, Giannetto C, Giudice E, Fazio F, Piccione G. Dynamic change of free serum L-carnitine concentration in relation to age, sex, and exercise in anglo-arabian thoroughbred horses. J. Equine Vet. Sci. 2021a 97 103343.
    doi: 10.1016/j.jevs.2020.103343pubmed: 33478765google scholar: lookup
  3. Arfuso F, Giannetto C, Giudice E, Fazio F, Panzera F, Piccione G. Peripheral modulators of the central fatigue development and their relationship with athletic performance in jumper horses. Animals 2021b 11 743.
    doi: 10.3390/ani11030743pmc: PMC8002136pubmed: 33800520google scholar: lookup
  4. Arfuso F, Giannetto C, Giudice E, Fazio F, Panzera F, Piccione G. Venous blood acid-base status in show jumper horses subjected to different physical exercises. J. Equine Vet. Sci. 2020 94 103251.
    doi: 10.1016/j.jevs.2020.103251pubmed: 33077070google scholar: lookup
  5. Arnold T W. Uninformative parameters and model selection using akaike’s information criterion. J. Wildl. Manag. 2010 74 1175–1178.
    doi: 10.1111/j.1937-2817.2010.tb01236.xgoogle scholar: lookup
  6. Art T, Amory H, Desmecht D, Lekeux P. Effect of show jumping on heart rate, blood lactate and other plasma biochemical values. Equine Vet. J. 1990 78–82.
    doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1990.tb04740.xpubmed: 9259812google scholar: lookup
  7. Art T, Desmecht D, Amory H, Delogne O, Buchet M, Leroy P. A field study of post-exercise values of blood biochemical constituents in jumping horses: relationship with score, individual and event. Zentralbl. Veterinarmed. A 1990 37 231–239.
    doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0442.1990.tb00898.xpubmed: 2114718google scholar: lookup
  8. Assenza A, Arfuso F, Fazi F, Giannetto C, Rizzo M, Zumbo A. Effect of gender and jumping exercise on leukocyte number, dopamine and prolactin levels in horses. Thai J. Vet. Med. 2018 48 95–101.
  9. Assenza A, Marafioti S, Congiu F, Giannetto C, Fazio F, Bruschetta D. Serum muscle-derived enzymes response during show jumping competition in horse. Vet. World 2016 9 251–255.
    doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2016.251-255pmc: PMC4823284pubmed: 27057107google scholar: lookup
  10. Baker J S, McCormick M C, Robergs R A. Interaction among skeletal muscle metabolic energy systems during intense exercise. Nutr. Metab. 2010 2010 905612.
    doi: 10.1155/2010/905612pmc: PMC3005844pubmed: 21188163google scholar: lookup
  11. Barrey E, Galloux P. Analysis of the equine jumping technique by accelerometry. Equine Vet. J. 1997 23 45–49.
    doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1997.tb05052.xpubmed: 9354288google scholar: lookup
  12. Barrey E, Valette J P. Exercise-related parameters of horses competing in show jumping events ranging from a regional to an international level. Ann. Zootech. 1993 42 89–98.
    doi: 10.1051/animres:19930110google scholar: lookup
  13. Bates D, Mächler M, Bolker B, Walker S. Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4. J. Stat. Softw. 2015 67 1–48.
    doi: 10.18637/jss.v067.i01google scholar: lookup
  14. Bazzano M, Giudice E, Rizzo M, Congiu F, Zumbo A, Arfuso F. Application of a combined global positioning and heart rate monitoring system in jumper horses during an official competition - a preliminary study. Acta Vet. Hung. 2016 64 189–200.
    doi: 10.1556/004.2016.019pubmed: 27342090google scholar: lookup
  15. Burnham K P, Anderson D R. Model Selection and Multimodel Inference: A Practical Information-Theoretic Approach. 2002.
  16. Carpenter J E, Blasier R B, Pellizzon G G. The effects of muscle fatigue on shoulder joint position sense. Am. J. Sports Med. 1998 26 262–265.
    doi: 10.1177/03635465980260021701pubmed: 9548121google scholar: lookup
  17. Core Team R. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. 2021.
  18. Couroucé A. Field exercise testing for assessing fitness in french standardbred trotters. Vet. J. 1999 157 112–122.
    doi: 10.1053/tvjl.1998.0302pubmed: 10204407google scholar: lookup
  19. Couroucé A, Chrétien M, Valette J P. Physiological variables measured under field conditions according to age and state of training in french trotters. Equine Vet. J. 2002 34 91–97.
    doi: 10.2746/042516402776181141pubmed: 11817559google scholar: lookup
  20. Couroucé-Malblanc A, van Erck-Westergren E. Exercise testing in the field. 2014.
    doi: 10.1016/B978-0-7020-4771-8.00003-Xgoogle scholar: lookup
  21. Davie A L, Evans D L. Blood lactate responses to submaximal field exercise tests in thoroughbred horses. Vet. J 2000 159 252–258.
    doi: 10.1053/tvjl.1999.0420pubmed: 10775469google scholar: lookup
  22. Davie A L, Priddle T L, Evans D L. Metabolic responses to submaximal field exercise tests and relationships with racing performance in pacing standardbreds. Equine Vet. J. 2002 34 112–115.
    doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2002.tb05401.xpubmed: 12405669google scholar: lookup
  23. Ertelt A, Merle R, Stumpff F, Bollinger L, Liertz S, Weber C. Evaluation of different blood parameters from endurance horses competing at 160 km. J. Equine Vet. Sci. 2021 104 103687.
    doi: 10.1016/j.jevs.2021.103687pubmed: 34416987google scholar: lookup
  24. Evans D L. Physiology of equine performance and associated tests of function. Equine Vet. J. 2007 39 373–383.
    doi: 10.2746/042516407x206418pubmed: 17722733google scholar: lookup
  25. FEI Jumping Rules (2021). Available online at: http://inside.fei.orgn(accessed October 22, 2021).
  26. Fercher C. The biomechanics of movement of horses engaged in jumping over different obstacles in competition and training. J. Equine Vet. Sci. 2017 49 69–80.
    doi: 10.1016/j.jevs.2016.10.002google scholar: lookup
  27. Fercher C, Joch M, Müller H, Reiser M, Zaremski M, Maurer H. Validation of an inertial measurement system to analyze jumping movements of experienced elite show jumping horses using a three-dimensional motion capture system. 2016.
    doi: 10.13140/RG.2.2.29850.85441google scholar: lookup
  28. Feringer W H Jr, Garcia de Carvalho J R, Mendes de Almeida M L, Macedo Lemos E G, Brioschi Soares O A, Ribeiro G. Differential expression of monocarboxylate transporter 1 and ancillary protein cd147 in red blood cells of show jumping horses. J. Equine Vet. Sci. 2019 81 102791.
    doi: 10.1016/j.jevs.2019.102791pubmed: 31668305google scholar: lookup
  29. German Equestrian Federation (2020). Richtermerkblatt:Springpferdeprüfungen. Available online at: https://www.pferd-aktuell.de/shop/broschuren-formulare-vertrage-unterrichtsmaterial/turniersport/springpferdeprufungen-download.htmln(accessed September 3, 2020)
  30. German Equestrian Federation (2021). FN Erfolgsdaten. Available online at: https://www.fnverlag.de/fn-erfolgsdaten/n(accessed October 22, 2021)
  31. Gramkow H L, Evans D L. Correlation of race earnings with velocity at maximal heart rate during a field exercise test in thoroughbred racehorses. Equine Vet. J. 2006 36 118–122.
    doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2006.tb05526.xpubmed: 17402405google scholar: lookup
  32. Heck H, Schulz H, Bartmus U. Diagnostics of anaerobic power and capacity. Eur. J. Sport Sci. 2003 3 1–23.
    doi: 10.1080/17461390300073302google scholar: lookup
  33. Hinchcliff K W, Geor R J, Kaneps A J. Equine Exercise Physiology. 2008.
    doi: 10.1016/B978-0-7020-2857-1.X5001-Xgoogle scholar: lookup
  34. International Equestrian Federation (2021). FEI Database. Available online at: https://data.fei.org/Default.aspxn(accessed November 12, 2021).
  35. Jarić S, Radovanovié S, Milanovié S, Ljubisavljevié M, Anastasijevié R. A comparison of the effects of agonist and antagonist muscle fatigue on performance of rapid movements. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 1997 76 1.
    doi: 10.1007/s004210050210pubmed: 9243168google scholar: lookup
  36. Johnston R B, Howard M E, Cawley P W, Losse G M. Effect of lower extremity muscular fatigue on motor control performance. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 1998 30 12.
    doi: 10.1097/00005768-199812000-00008pubmed: 9861603google scholar: lookup
  37. Kirsch K, Düe M, Holzhausen H, Sandersen C. Correlation of competition performance with heart rate and blood lactate response during interval training sessions in eventing horses. Comp. Exerc. Physiol. 2019 15 187–197.
    doi: 10.3920/CEP180050pubmed: 0google scholar: lookup
  38. Kirsch K, Horstmann S, Holzhausen H, Serteyn D, Sandersen C. Heart rate and blood lactate responses during the cross-country test of 2-star to 5-star eventing competitions. Comp. Exerc. Physiol. 2020 16 303–318.
    doi: 10.3920/CEP180056pubmed: 0google scholar: lookup
  39. Koho N M, Hyyppä S, Pösö A R. Lactate transport in red blood cells by monocarboxylate transporters. Equine Vet. J. 2002 34 555–559.
    doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2002.tb05482.xpubmed: 12405750google scholar: lookup
  40. Koho N M, Hyyppä S, Pösö A R. Monocarboxylate transporters (mct) as lactate carriers in equine muscle and red blood cells. Equine Vet. J. 2006 36 354–358.
    doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2006.tb05568.xpubmed: 17402447google scholar: lookup
  41. Larsson J, Pilborg P H, Johansen M, Christophersen M T, Holte A, Roepstorff L. Physiological parameters of endurance horses pre- compared to post-race, correlated with performance: a two race study from scandinavia. ISRN Vet. Sci. 2013 2013 684353.
    doi: 10.1155/2013/684353pmc: PMC3791564pubmed: 24167733google scholar: lookup
  42. Léguillette R, Bond S L, de Haan K L T, Weber L M. Comparison of physiological demands in warmblood show jumping horses over a standardized 1.10 m jumping course versus a standardized exercise test on a track. BMC Vet. Res. 2020 16 182.
    doi: 10.1186/s12917-020-02400-9pmc: PMC7282170pubmed: 32513241google scholar: lookup
  43. Lekeux P, Art T, Linden A, Desmecht D, Amory H. Heart rate, hemtaological and serum biochemical responses to show jumping. 1991 385–390.
  44. Lenth R V. Emmeans: Estimated Marginal Means, Aka Least-Squares Means. 2021.
  45. Lönnell A C, Bröjer J, Nostell K, Hernlund E, Roepstorff L, Tranquille C A. Variation in training regimens in professional showjumping yards. Equine Vet. J. 2014 46 233–238.
    doi: 10.1111/evj.12126pubmed: 23802646google scholar: lookup
  46. Marlin D J, Harris P A, Schroter R C, Harris R C, Roberts C A, Scott C M. Physiological, metabolic and biochemical responses of horses competing in the speed and endurance phase of a cci**** 3-day-event. Equine Vet. J. 1995 20 37–46.
    doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1995.tb05006.xpubmed: 8933083google scholar: lookup
  47. Munk R, Møller S, Lindner A. Effects of training with different interval exercises on horses used for show jumping. Comp. Exerc. Physiol. 2013 9 33–41.
    doi: 10.3920/CEP12016pubmed: 0google scholar: lookup
  48. Munsters C B M, Iwaarden A, Weeren R, Sloet Oldruitenborgh-Oosterbaan M M. Exercise testing in warmblood sport horses under field conditions. Vet. J 2014 202 11–19.
    doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.07.019pubmed: 25172838google scholar: lookup
  49. Munsters C B M, van den Broek J, Welling E, van Weeren R, van Sloet Oldruitenborgh-Oosterbaan M M. A prospective study on a cohort of horses and ponies selected for participation in the european eventing championship: Reasons for withdrawal and predictive value of fitness tests. BMC Vet. Res. 2013 9 182.
    doi: 10.1186/1746-6148-9-182pmc: PMC3848563pubmed: 24034152google scholar: lookup
  50. Murray R C. Equine sports medicine and surgery. 2014 1127–1135.
    doi: 10.1016/B978-0-7020-4771-8.00055-7google scholar: lookup
  51. Rose R J, Hodgson D R, Sampson D, Chan W. Changes in plasma biochemistry in horses competing in a 160 km endurance ride. Aust. Vet. J. 1983 60 101–105.
    doi: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.1983.tb05905.xpubmed: 6870711google scholar: lookup
  52. Serrano M G, Evans D L, Hodgson J. Heart rate and blood lactate responses during exercise in preparation for eventing competition. Equine Vet. J. 2002 34 135–139.
    doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2002.tb05406.xpubmed: 12405674google scholar: lookup
  53. Serteyn D, Sandersen C, Lejeune J-P, de Pouyade R, de la G, Ceusters J. Effect of a 120 km endurance race on plasma and muscular neutrophil elastase and myeloperoxidase concentrations in horses. Equine Vet. J. 2010 38 275–279.
    doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2010.00269.xpubmed: 21059018google scholar: lookup
  54. Soares O A B, Ferraz G C, Trigo P, D’Angelis F H F, Júnior W H F, Nardi K B. Comparison between specific and nonspecific tests for evaluating the physical fitness of show jumping horses. Comp. Exerc. Physiol. 2016 12 131–140.
    doi: 10.3920/CEP160018pubmed: 0google scholar: lookup
  55. St George L, Clayton H M, Sinclair J, Richards J, Roy S H, Hobbs S J. Muscle function and kinematics during submaximal equine jumping: what can objective outcomes tell us about athletic performance indicators?. Animals 2021 11 414.
    doi: 10.3390/ani11020414pmc: PMC7915507pubmed: 33562875google scholar: lookup
  56. ter Woort F, Dubois G, Didier M, van Erck-Westergren E. Validation of an equine fitness tracker: heart rate and heart rate variability. Comp. Exerc. Physiol. 2020 17 189–198.
    doi: 10.3920/CEP200028pubmed: 0google scholar: lookup
  57. Tomlin D L, Wenger H A. Recovery from high intensity intermittent exercise. Sports Med. 2001 31 1–11.
    doi: 10.2165/00007256-200131010-00001pubmed: 11219498google scholar: lookup
  58. van Oldruitenborgh-Oosterbaan M M S, Spierenburg A J, van den Broek E T W. The workload of ridingschool horses during jumping. Equine Vet. J. 2006 36 93–97.
    doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2006.tb05520.xpubmed: 17402399google scholar: lookup
  59. van Sloet Oldruitenborgh-Oosterbaan M M, Clayton H M. Advantages and disadvantages of track vs. treadmill tests. Equine Vet. J. 1999 30 645–647.
    doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1999.tb05305.xpubmed: 10659339google scholar: lookup
  60. Vermeulen A D, Evans D L. Measurements of fitness in thoroughbred racehorses using field studies of heart rate and velocity with a global positioning system. Equine Vet. J. 2006 36 113–117.
    doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2006.tb05525.xpubmed: 17402404google scholar: lookup
  61. von Lewinski M, Biau S, Erber R, Ille N, Aurich J, Faure J M. Cortisol release, heart rate and heart rate variability in the horse and its rider: different responses to training and performance. Vet. J. 2013 197 229–232.
    doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2012.12.025pubmed: 23380228google scholar: lookup
  62. White S L, Williamson L H, Maykuth P L, Cole S, Andrews F. Heart rate and lactate concentration during two different cross-country events. Equine Vet. J. 1995a 27 463–467.
    doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1995.tb04974.xgoogle scholar: lookup
  63. White S L, Williamson L H, Maykuth P L, Cole S, Andrews F. Heart rate response and plasma lactate concentrations of horses competing in the cross-country phase of combined training events. Equine Vet. J. 1995b 20 47–51.
    doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1995.tb05007.xpubmed: 8933084google scholar: lookup
  64. White S L, Williamson L H, Maykuth P L, Cole S, Andrews F. Heart rate response and plasma lactate concentrations of horses competing in the speed and endurance phase of combined training events. Equine Vet. J. 1995c 20 52–56.
    doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1995.tb05008.xpubmed: 8933085google scholar: lookup

Citations

This article has been cited 5 times.
  1. Zuluaga-Cabrera AM, Barbosa da Costa G, Martinez ID, Arias MP. Defining the Heart Rate Zone Corresponding to the Lactate Threshold in Colombian Paso Horses. Animals (Basel) 2025 Nov 17;15(22).
    doi: 10.3390/ani15223308pubmed: 41302017google scholar: lookup
  2. Piccione G, Arfuso F, Giudice E, Aragona F, Pugliatti P, Panzera MF, Zumbo A, Monteverde V, Bartolo V, Barbera A, Giannetto C. Dynamic Adaptation of Hematological Parameters, Albumin, and Non-Esterified Fatty Acids in Saddlebred and Standardbred Horses During Exercise. Animals (Basel) 2025 Jan 21;15(3).
    doi: 10.3390/ani15030300pubmed: 39943070google scholar: lookup
  3. Santosuosso E, Léguillette R, Shoemaker S, Baumwart R, Temple S, Hemmerling K, Kell T, Bayly W. A consort-guided randomized, blinded, controlled clinical trial on the effects of 6 weeks training on heart rate variability in thoroughbred horses. J Vet Intern Med 2025 Jan-Feb;39(1):e17253.
    doi: 10.1111/jvim.17253pubmed: 39655519google scholar: lookup
  4. de la Cuesta-Torrado M, Velloso Alvarez A, Neira-Egea P, Cuervo-Arango J. Long-term performance of show-jumping horses and relationship with severity of ataxia and complications associated with myeloencephalopathy caused by equine herpes virus-1. J Vet Intern Med 2024 May-Jun;38(3):1799-1807.
    doi: 10.1111/jvim.17070pubmed: 38609161google scholar: lookup
  5. Siegers E, van Wijk E, van den Broek J, Sloet van Oldruitenborgh-Oosterbaan M, Munsters C. Longitudinal Training and Workload Assessment in Young Friesian Stallions in Relation to Fitness: Part 1. Animals (Basel) 2023 Feb 16;13(4).
    doi: 10.3390/ani13040689pubmed: 36830476google scholar: lookup
Subscribe to our newsletter
Join 99,344 horse owners like you who receive our email updates on horse health and nutrition.