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Home / Equine Research Bank / Pathogens / Multifocal Equine Influenza Outbreak with Vaccination Breakd...
Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)2018; 7(2); 43; doi: 10.3390/pathogens7020043

Multifocal Equine Influenza Outbreak with Vaccination Breakdown in Thoroughbred Racehorses.

Abstract: Equine influenza (EI) outbreaks occurred on 19 premises in Ireland during 2014. Disease affected thoroughbred (TB) and non-TB horses/ponies on a variety of premises including four racing yards. Initial clinical signs presented on 16 premises within a two-month period. Extensive field investigations were undertaken, and the diagnostic effectiveness of a TaqMan RT-PCR assay was demonstrated in regularly-vaccinated and sub-clinically-affected horses. Epidemiological data and repeat clinical samples were collected from 305 horses, of which 40% were reported as clinically affected, 39% were identified as confirmed cases and 11% were sub-clinically affected. Multivariable analysis demonstrated a significant association between clinical signs and age, vaccination status and number of vaccine doses received. Vaccine breakdown was identified in 31% of horses with up to date vaccination records. This included 27 horses in four different racing yards. Genetic and antigenic analysis identified causal viruses as belonging to Clade 2 of the Florida sublineage (FCL2). At the time of this study, no commercially available EI vaccine in Ireland had been updated in line with World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) recommendations to include a FCL2 virus. The findings of this study highlight the potential ease with which EI can spread among partially immune equine populations.
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Publication Date: 2018-04-17 PubMed ID: 29673169PubMed Central: PMC6027538DOI: 10.3390/pathogens7020043Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The study talks about multiple outbreaks of equine influenza (EI) on 19 premises in Ireland in 2014, which affected both thoroughbred and non-thoroughbred horses. The study also highlights that, despite regular vaccinations, the disease could still spread, and therefore, urges for an update in vaccination methods.

Research Context

  • The research focuses on multiple outbreaks of equine influenza (EI), a highly contagious respiratory disease in horses, which occurred across 19 different premises in Ireland in 2014. The disease affected both thoroughbred (TB) and non-thoroughbred horses and ponies, irrespective of their living conditions. One remarkable aspect was that the initial symptoms of the disease were observed on 16 premises within a two-month period.

Investigation Procedure

  • The researchers conducted extensive field investigations to understand the situation. They also demonstrated the diagnostic effectiveness of a TaqMan RT-PCR assay, a modern and highly accurate diagnostic method in identifying the disease in horses that had been regularly vaccinated and those mildly affected but not showing explicit symptoms.

Data Collection and Findings

  • For a comprehensive understanding, the researchers gathered epidemiological data and collected repeat clinical samples from 305 horses. They found that 40% of these horses showed clinical signs, 39% were confirmed as having the disease, and 11% were found to be mildly affected.
  • Through a multivariable analysis, the research identified a significant relationship between the clinical signs of the disease and factors such as the horse’s age, vaccination status, and number of vaccine doses received.

Vaccine Breakdown

  • The study brought to light a considerable breakdown in vaccines, observed in 31% of horses that had up to date vaccination records. This included 27 horses from four distinct racing yards. Through genetic and antigenic analysis, the causal viruses were identified as belonging to Clade 2 of the Florida sublineage (FCL2).
  • During the time of the study, the researchers highlight that no commercially available EI vaccine in Ireland had been updated to include a FCL2 virus, as per the recommendations of the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE).

Significance of the Research

  • The study serves as a stark reminder of the ease with which EI can spread among horse populations that are only partially immune. The findings underline the importance of regular and updated farm-level biosecurity, surveillance, and vaccination strategies.

Cite This Article

APA
Gildea S, Garvey M, Lyons P, Lyons R, Gahan J, Walsh C, Cullinane A. (2018). Multifocal Equine Influenza Outbreak with Vaccination Breakdown in Thoroughbred Racehorses. Pathogens, 7(2), 43. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens7020043

Publication

Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)
ISSN: 2076-0817
NlmUniqueID: 101596317
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 7
Issue: 2
PII: 43

Researcher Affiliations

Gildea, Sarah
  • Virology Unit, The Irish Equine Centre, Johnstown, Naas, Co. Kildare W91 RH93, Ireland. sarahgildea@hotmail.com.
Garvey, Marie
  • Virology Unit, The Irish Equine Centre, Johnstown, Naas, Co. Kildare W91 RH93, Ireland. MGarvey@irishequinecentre.ie.
Lyons, Pamela
  • Virology Unit, The Irish Equine Centre, Johnstown, Naas, Co. Kildare W91 RH93, Ireland. PLyons@irishequinecentre.ie.
Lyons, Rachel
  • Virology Unit, The Irish Equine Centre, Johnstown, Naas, Co. Kildare W91 RH93, Ireland. RLyons@irishequinecentre.ie.
Gahan, Jacinta
  • Virology Unit, The Irish Equine Centre, Johnstown, Naas, Co. Kildare W91 RH93, Ireland. JGahan@irishequinecentre.ie.
Walsh, Cathal
  • Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Limerick, Castletroy, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland. Cathal.Walsh@ul.ie.
Cullinane, Ann
  • Virology Unit, The Irish Equine Centre, Johnstown, Naas, Co. Kildare W91 RH93, Ireland. acullinane@irishequinecentre.ie.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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