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Viruses2021; 13(8); 1612; doi: 10.3390/v13081612

New Parvoviruses and Picornavirus in Tissues and Feces of Foals with Interstitial Pneumonia.

Abstract: Six foals with interstitial pneumonia of undetermined etiology from Southern California were analyzed by viral metagenomics. Spleen, lung, and colon content samples obtained during necropsy from each animal were pooled, and nucleic acids from virus-like particles enriched for deep sequencing. The recently described equine copiparvovirus named eqcopivirus, as well as three previously uncharacterized viruses, were identified. The complete ORFs genomes of two closely related protoparvoviruses, and of a bocaparvovirus, plus the partial genome of a picornavirus were assembled. The parvoviruses were classified as members of new ungulate protoparvovirus and bocaparvovirus species in the family. The picornavirus was classified as a new species in the genus of the family. Spleen, lung, and colon content samples from each foal were then tested for these viral genomes by nested PCR and RT-PCR. When present, parvoviruses were detected in both feces and spleen. The picornavirus, protoparvovirus, and eqcopivirus genomes were detected in the lungs of one animal each. Three foals were co-infected with the picornavirus and either a protoparvovirus, bocaparvovirus, or eqcopivirus. Two other foals were infected with a protoparvovirus only. No viral infection was detected in one animal. The complete ORFs of the first equine protoparvoviruses and bocaparvovirus, the partial ORF of the third equine picornavirus, and their detection in tissues of foals with interstitial pneumonia are described here. Testing the involvement of these viruses in fatal interstitial pneumonia or other equine diseases will require larger epidemiological and/or inoculation studies.
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Publication Date: 2021-08-14 PubMed ID: 34452477PubMed Central: PMC8402702DOI: 10.3390/v13081612Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This study investigates a type of pneumonia without known cause in young horses by examining the predisposing viruses. It identifies several novel viral species, namely eqcopivirus, protoparvoviruses, a bocaparvovirus, and a picornavirus, which were found in the organ samples and feces of the young horses. Further research is necessary to understand if these viruses cause the pneumonia or other horse diseases.

Metagenomic Analysis of Interstitial Pneumonia in Foals

  • The study is based on six young horses, or foals, suffering from interstitial pneumonia, a disease whose cause is yet to be clearly understood.
  • Viral metagenomic analysis – the study of viral genetic material – was carried out on samples drawn from the lungs, spleen, and colon of these animals after they had died, revealing the presence of several viruses.

Identification of Novel Viruses

  • The research identified the complete genome sequences of a newly described equine virus named eqcopivirus, two similar protoparvoviruses, and a bocaparvovirus. Also, a partial genome sequence of a picornavirus was discovered.
  • These new viruses were categorized into different species and families, broadening our understanding of equine virology.

Viral Detection in Tissue Samples and Feces

  • The researchers used nested PCR and RT-PCR, commonly used techniques in molecular biology, to detect these novel viruses in various tissue samples and feces from the foals.
  • The parvoviruses, namely eqcopivirus, protoparvoviruses, and bocaparvovirus were found in both organ tissue and feces. The picornavirus was found in the lung tissue of one horse.
  • Interestingly, three out of the six foals were found to be co-infected with the picornavirus and either the protoparvovirus, bocaparvovirus, or eqcopivirus. Two other foals were infected exclusively with the protoparvovirus. In one foal, no viral infection was detected.

Importance of Further Studies

  • This study provides the first detailed description of the genomes of multiple novel horse viruses and their presence in foals with interstitial pneumonia.
  • However, this research alone does not prove a link between these viruses and the cause of the disease. Widespread epidemiological studies are required to ascertain if they are the cause of interstitial pneumonia or other diseases in horses.

Cite This Article

APA
Altan E, Hui A, Li Y, Pesavento P, Asín J, Crossley B, Deng X, Uzal FA, Delwart E. (2021). New Parvoviruses and Picornavirus in Tissues and Feces of Foals with Interstitial Pneumonia. Viruses, 13(8), 1612. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13081612

Publication

Viruses
ISSN: 1999-4915
NlmUniqueID: 101509722
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 13
Issue: 8
PII: 1612

Researcher Affiliations

Altan, Eda
  • Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA.
  • Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA.
Hui, Alvin
  • Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA.
Li, Yanpeng
  • Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA.
  • Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA.
Pesavento, Patricia
  • Department of Pathology Microbiology and Immunology, UC Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
Asín, Javier
  • Department of Pathology Microbiology and Immunology, UC Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
  • California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, UC Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
Crossley, Beate
  • California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, UC Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
  • Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, UC Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
Deng, Xutao
  • Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA.
  • Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA.
Uzal, Francisco A
  • Department of Pathology Microbiology and Immunology, UC Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
  • California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, UC Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
Delwart, Eric
  • Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA.
  • Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA.

MeSH Terms

  • Age Factors
  • Animals
  • Feces / virology
  • Genome, Viral
  • Horse Diseases / mortality
  • Horse Diseases / virology
  • Horses
  • Lung Diseases, Interstitial / mortality
  • Lung Diseases, Interstitial / veterinary
  • Lung Diseases, Interstitial / virology
  • Metagenomics
  • Parvovirus / classification
  • Parvovirus / genetics
  • Parvovirus / isolation & purification
  • Phylogeny
  • Picornaviridae / classification
  • Picornaviridae / genetics
  • Picornaviridae / isolation & purification
  • Virus Diseases / mortality
  • Virus Diseases / veterinary

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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