FREE SHIPPING over $40
OVER 9000 FIVE-STAR REVIEWS
5% OFF ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS
100% HAPPINESS GUARANTEE
Analyze Diet
0
Home / Equine Research Bank / Front Vet Sci / Nutritional Supplements Containing Cardus mariano, Eucalyptu...
Frontiers in veterinary science2020; 7; 556270; doi: 10.3389/fvets.2020.556270

Nutritional Supplements Containing Cardus mariano, Eucalyptus globulus, Gentiana lutea, Urtica urens, and Mallotus philippinensis Extracts Are Effective in Reducing Egg Shedding in Dairy Jennies (Equus asinus) Naturally Infected by Cyathostomins.

Abstract: The increasing levels of anthelmintic resistance together with the restrictions in the use of drugs in food producing animals have enforced the search for sustainable alternative approaches for parasite control. The current study aimed to investigate the safety and the efficacy of a commercially available phytotherapic formulation against gastrointestinal strongyles in donkeys. Twenty-two Ragusana jennies (2.6 ± 0.5 years old) were assigned to two equal groups. One group was treated with two doses of a phytotherapic supplement Paraxitebio® containing , and , 14 days apart (Group A). One group was used as negative control (Group B). Individual fecal samples were collected at the beginning of the study (T), and after 7, 14, and 28 days (T, T, T). Blood samples were collected on T and T in order to assess changes in donkeys' hematological profile. After the initial rise in EPG values observed on T, Group A showed a significant EPG decrease with lower eggs per gram (EPG) count compared to Group B on T and an overall fecal egg count reduction of 56.9% on the same time-point. Hematological parameters were within the normal physiological ranges for enrolled donkeys. However, significant differences in the values of RBCs, Hb, MCHC, MCV, WBCs, eosinophils, and basophils were recorded between groups after phytotherapic treatments, with Group A showing a general improvement in the hemogram picture. The phytotherapic supplement used in the current study was helpful in controlling intestinal parasites allowing a significant reduction in the fecal egg count 28 days after treatment. Further studies are needed to better explore the specific mode of action of the plant-derived formulation herein tested as well as to encourage their use as tool for the control of equine strongylosis under multimodal integrated approach in dairy donkey farms.
Copyright © 2020 Arfuso, Bazzano, Brianti, Gaglio, Passantino, Tesei and Laus.
Get Full Text
Publication Date: 2020-11-05 PubMed ID: 33251253PubMed Central: PMC7676897DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.556270Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
LinkedInCopy
  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research presents an evaluation of a commercially available supplements containing extracts from various plants (like Cardus mariano, Eucalyptus globulus, Gentiana lutea, etc.) to see how effective they are in reducing egg shedding in dairy jennies (female donkeys) that are naturally infected by parasites known as Cyathostomins. The supplement used showed a reduction in the fecal egg count and signs of improving the overall health of the treated donkey group.

Investigated Problem

  • The study addresses the challenge of controlling parasites in dairy jennies given the concerns about anthelmintic (anti-parasitic) resistance and the limitations on the use of drugs in food producing animals.

Methodology

  • Twenty-two young Ragusana jennies were divided into two equal groups. One group was given the phytotherapic supplement Paraxitebio® (which contains extracts from various plants) in two doses given 14 days apart. The other group served as a control and was not treated.
  • Fecal samples from both groups were collected at the start of the study and after 7, 14, and 28 days to measure fecal egg count (which directly relates to parasite infection).
  • Blood samples were taken at the start and at the end of 28 days to check for changes in the hematological profile of the donkeys.

Study Outcome

  • After an initial increase in egg count in the treated group (Group A), there was eventually a significant decrease. Overall, there was a reduction of 56.9% in the fecal egg count for Group A at the end of the 28 days, compared to the untreated group (Group B).
  • The hematological parameters for both groups remained within the normal physiological ranges. However, the treated group (Group A) showed a notable improvement in several hematological parameters including red blood cells, hemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular volume, white blood cells, eosinophils and basophils counts. This could indicate better general health due to the treatment.

Conclusion and Further Study Recommended

  • The researchers concluded that the phytotherapic supplement used in this study effectively contributed to the control of intestinal parasites, leading to a significant reduction in egg count and potential overall health improvement of dairy jennies.
  • The study suggests further research to better understand the specific actions of these plant-derived formulations and promote their use in integrated approaches for controlling equine parasitic infections on dairy donkey farms.

Cite This Article

APA
Arfuso F, Bazzano M, Brianti E, Gaglio G, Passantino A, Tesei B, Laus F. (2020). Nutritional Supplements Containing Cardus mariano, Eucalyptus globulus, Gentiana lutea, Urtica urens, and Mallotus philippinensis Extracts Are Effective in Reducing Egg Shedding in Dairy Jennies (Equus asinus) Naturally Infected by Cyathostomins. Front Vet Sci, 7, 556270. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2020.556270

Publication

Frontiers in veterinary science
ISSN: 2297-1769
NlmUniqueID: 101666658
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 7
Pages: 556270
PII: 556270

Researcher Affiliations

Arfuso, Francesca
  • Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
Bazzano, Marilena
  • School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Macerata, Italy.
Brianti, Emanuele
  • Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
Gaglio, Gabriella
  • Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
Passantino, Annamaria
  • Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
Tesei, Beniamino
  • School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Macerata, Italy.
Laus, Fulvio
  • School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Macerata, Italy.

References

This article includes 53 references
  1. Veneziano V, Di Loria A, Masucci R, Di Palo R, Brianti E, Gokbulut C. Efficacy of eprinomectin pour-on against Dictyocaulus arnfieldi infection in donkeys (Equus asinus).. Vet J 2011 Dec;190(3):414-5.
    doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2010.11.024pubmed: 21216164google scholar: lookup
  2. Carroccio A, Cavataio F, Montalto G, D'Amico D, Alabrese L, Iacono G. Intolerance to hydrolysed cow's milk proteins in infants: clinical characteristics and dietary treatment.. Clin Exp Allergy 2000 Nov;30(11):1597-603.
    doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2222.2000.00925.xpubmed: 11069569google scholar: lookup
  3. Monti G, Bertino E, Muratore MC, Coscia A, Cresi F, Silvestro L, Fabris C, Fortunato D, Giuffrida MG, Conti A. Efficacy of donkey's milk in treating highly problematic cow's milk allergic children: an in vivo and in vitro study.. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2007 May;18(3):258-64.
    doi: 10.1111/j.1399-3038.2007.00521.xpubmed: 17433003google scholar: lookup
  4. Tesse R, Paglialunga C, Braccio S, Armenio L. Adequacy and tolerance to ass's milk in an Italian cohort of children with cow's milk allergy.. Ital J Pediatr 2009 Jul 9;35:19.
    doi: 10.1186/1824-7288-35-19pmc: PMC2717565pubmed: 19589131google scholar: lookup
  5. Burden FA, Hazell-Smith E, Mulugeta G, Patrick V, Trawford R, Brooks Brownlie HW. Reference intervals for biochemical and haematological parameters in mature domestic donkeys (Equus asinus) in the UK. Equine Vet Educ (2016) 28:134–9.
    doi: 10.1111/eve.12512google scholar: lookup
  6. Bazzano M, McLean A, Tesei B, Gallina E, Laus F. Selenium and Vitamin E Concentrations in a Healthy Donkey Population in Central Italy.. J Equine Vet Sci 2019 Jul;78:112-116.
    doi: 10.1016/j.jevs.2019.04.003pubmed: 31203973google scholar: lookup
  7. Reinemeyer CR. Small strongyles. Recent advances.. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 1986 Aug;2(2):281-312.
    doi: 10.1016/S0749-0739(17)30717-4pubmed: 3527374google scholar: lookup
  8. Nielsen MK. Sustainable equine parasite control: perspectives and research needs.. Vet Parasitol 2012 Apr 19;185(1):32-44.
    doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.10.012pubmed: 22055611google scholar: lookup
  9. Peregrine AS, Molento MB, Kaplan RM, Nielsen MK. Anthelmintic resistance in important parasites of horses: does it really matter?. Vet Parasitol 2014 Mar 17;201(1-2):1-8.
    doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2014.01.004pubmed: 24485565google scholar: lookup
  10. Brianti E, Giannetto S, Traversa D, Chirgwin SR, Shakya K, Klei TR. In vitro development of cyathostomin larvae from the third stage larvae to the fourth stage: morphologic characterization, effects of refrigeration, and species-specific patterns.. Vet Parasitol 2009 Aug 26;163(4):348-56.
    doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.04.029pubmed: 19493623google scholar: lookup
  11. Murphy D, Love S. The pathogenic effects of experimental cyathostome infections in ponies.. Vet Parasitol 1997 Jun;70(1-3):99-110.
    doi: 10.1016/S0304-4017(96)01153-3pubmed: 9195714google scholar: lookup
  12. Monahan CM, Chapman MR, Taylor HW, French DD, Klei TR. Comparison of moxidectin oral gel and ivermectin oral paste against a spectrum of internal parasites of ponies with special attention to encysted cyathostome larvae.. Vet Parasitol 1996 Jun;63(3-4):225-35.
    doi: 10.1016/0304-4017(95)00910-8pubmed: 8966989google scholar: lookup
  13. Giles CJ, Urquhart KA, Longstaffe JA. Larval cyathostomiasis (immature trichonema-induced enteropathy): a report of 15 clinical cases.. Equine Vet J 1985 May;17(3):196-201.
    doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1985.tb02469.xpubmed: 4076127google scholar: lookup
  14. Relf VE, Morgan ER, Hodgkinson JE, Matthews JB. Helminth egg excretion with regard to age, gender and management practices on UK Thoroughbred studs.. Parasitology 2013 Apr;140(5):641-52.
    doi: 10.1017/S0031182012001941pubmed: 23351718google scholar: lookup
  15. Gasser RB, Williamson RM, Beveridge I. Anoplocephala perfoliata of horses--significant scope for further research, improved diagnosis and control.. Parasitology 2005 Jul;131(Pt 1):1-13.
    doi: 10.1017/S0031182004007127pubmed: 16038391google scholar: lookup
  16. Matthews J, Burden F. Common helminth infections of donkeys and their control in temperate regions. Equine Vet Educ (2013) 25:461–7.
    doi: 10.1111/eve.12018google scholar: lookup
  17. Rahmann G, Seip H. Bioactive forage and phytotherapy to cure and control endo-parasite diseases in sheep and goat farming systems - a review of current scientific knowledge. Landbauforschung Völkenrode (2007)3:285–95.
  18. Tavassoli M, Jalilzadeh-Amin G, Fard VRB, Esfandiarpour R. The in vitro effect of Ferula asafoetida and Allium sativum extracts on Strongylus spp.. Ann Parasitol 2018;64(1):59–63.
    doi: 10.17420/ap6401.133spubmed: 29717575google scholar: lookup
  19. Oliveira AF, Costa Junior LM, Lima AS, Silva CR, Ribeiro MN, Mesquista JW, Rocha CQ, Tangerina MM, Vilegas W. Anthelmintic activity of plant extracts from Brazilian savanna.. Vet Parasitol 2017 Mar 15;236:121-127.
    doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2017.02.005pubmed: 28288755google scholar: lookup
  20. Hördegen P. Epidemiology of internal parasites on Swiss organic dairy farms and phytotherapy as a possible worm control strategy. Zürich: Swiss Federal Institute of Technology; (2005). p. 103.
    doi: 10.3929/ethz-a-005071384google scholar: lookup
  21. Cabaret J, Bouilhol M, Mage C. Managing helminths of ruminants in organic farming.. Vet Res 2002 Sep-Oct;33(5):625-40.
    doi: 10.1051/vetres:2002043pubmed: 12387494google scholar: lookup
  22. Noel ML, Scare JA, Bellaw JL, Nielsen MK. Accuracy and precision of mini-FLOTAC and McMaster techniques for determining equine strongyle egg counts. J Equine Vet Sci (2017) 48:182–7.
    doi: 10.1016/j.jevs.2016.09.006google scholar: lookup
  23. Went HA, Scare JA, Steuer AE, Nielsen MK. Effects of homogenizing methods on accuracy and precision of equine strongylid egg counts.. Vet Parasitol 2018 Sep 15;261:91-95.
    doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2018.09.001pubmed: 30253857google scholar: lookup
  24. Barda BD, Rinaldi L, Ianniello D, Zepherine H, Salvo F, Sadutshang T, Cringoli G, Clementi M, Albonico M. Mini-FLOTAC, an innovative direct diagnostic technique for intestinal parasitic infections: experience from the field.. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2013;7(8):e2344.
    doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002344pmc: PMC3731229pubmed: 23936577google scholar: lookup
  25. Cringoli G, Maurelli MP, Levecke B, Bosco A, Vercruysse J, Utzinger J, Rinaldi L. The Mini-FLOTAC technique for the diagnosis of helminth and protozoan infections in humans and animals.. Nat Protoc 2017 Sep;12(9):1723-1732.
    doi: 10.1038/nprot.2017.067pubmed: 28771238google scholar: lookup
  26. Cernea M, Madeira de Carvalho LM, Cozma V. Identification of third stage strongyle larvae (L3). In: Cernea M, Madeira de Carvalho LM, Cozma V. editors. Atlas of Equine Strongylidosis. Cluj-Napoca: Editura Academic Pres; Universitatea de Stiinte Agricole şi Medicină Veterinară; (2008). p. 77–110.
  27. Bowman DD, Lynn RC, Eberhard ML. Georgi's Parasitology for Veterinarians. St. Louis, MO: Saunders Company; (2002).
  28. Coles GC, Bauer C, Borgsteede FH, Geerts S, Klei TR, Taylor MA, Waller PJ. World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology (W.A.A.V.P.) methods for the detection of anthelmintic resistance in nematodes of veterinary importance.. Vet Parasitol 1992 Sep;44(1-2):35-44.
    doi: 10.1016/0304-4017(92)90141-Upubmed: 1441190google scholar: lookup
  29. Nielsen MK, Mittel L, Grice A, Erskine M, Graves E, Vaala W. AAEP (American Association of Equine Practitioners) Parasite Control Guidelines. (2013).
  30. Weiss DJ, Wardrop KJ. Schalm's Veterinary Hematology. Philadelphia, PA; Baltimore, AD; New York, NY; London; Buenos Aires; Hong Kong; Sydney; Tokyo: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; (2010).
  31. Buono F, Pacifico L, Piantedosi D, Sgroi G, Neola B, Roncoroni C, Genovese A, Rufrano D, Veneziano V. Preliminary Observations of the Effect of Garlic on Egg Shedding in Horses Naturally Infected by Intestinal Strongyles.. J Equine Vet Sci 2019 Jan;72:79-83.
    doi: 10.1016/j.jevs.2018.10.025pubmed: 30929787google scholar: lookup
  32. Papini RA, Orsetti C, Sgorbini M. Evaluation of a Marketed Polyherbal Dewormer Against Intestinal Strongyles in Naturally Infected Donkeys.. Helminthologia 2020 Mar;57(1):78-82.
    doi: 10.2478/helm-2020-0003pmc: PMC6996254pubmed: 32063744google scholar: lookup
  33. Buza V, Cătană L, Andrei SM, Ștefănuț LC, Răileanu Ș, Matei MC, Vlasiuc I, Cernea M. In vitro anthelmintic activity assessment of six medicinal plant aqueous extracts against donkey strongyles.. J Helminthol 2020 May 20;94:e147.
    doi: 10.1017/S0022149X20000310pubmed: 32430089google scholar: lookup
  34. Maestrini M, Tava A, Mancini S, Salari F, Perrucci S. In Vitro Anthelmintic Activity of Saponins Derived from Medicago spp. Plants against Donkey Gastrointestinal Nematodes.. Vet Sci 2019 Mar 29;6(2).
    doi: 10.3390/vetsci6020035pmc: PMC6631826pubmed: 30934808google scholar: lookup
  35. Lichtenfels JR, Kharchenko VA, Krecek RC, Gibbons LM. An annotated checklist by genus and species of 93 species level names for 51 recognized species of small strongyles (Nematoda: Strongyloidea: Cyathostominea) of horses, asses and zebras of the world.. Vet Parasitol 1998 Sep;79(1):65-79.
    doi: 10.1016/S0304-4017(98)00149-6pubmed: 9777726google scholar: lookup
  36. Lichtenfels JR, Gibbons LM, Krecek RC. Recommended terminology and advances in the systematics of the Cyathostominea (Nematoda: Strongyloidea) of horses.. Vet Parasitol 2002 Aug 22;107(4):337-42.
    doi: 10.1016/S0304-4017(02)00167-Xpubmed: 12163244google scholar: lookup
  37. Matthee S, Krecek RC, Gibbons LM. Cylicocyclus asini n. sp. (Nematoda: Cyathostominae) from donkeys Equus asinus in South Africa.. Syst Parasitol 2002 Jan;51(1):29-35.
    doi: 10.1023/A:1012989810087pubmed: 11721193google scholar: lookup
  38. Binev R, Kirkova Z, Nikolov J, Russenov A, Stojanchev K, Lazarov L, Hristov T. Efficacy of parenteral administration of ivermectin in the control of strongylidosis in donkeys.. J S Afr Vet Assoc 2005 Dec;76(4):214-6.
    doi: 10.4102/jsava.v76i4.429pubmed: 16642718google scholar: lookup
  39. Gokbulut C, Di Loria A, Gunay N, Masucci R, Veneziano V. Plasma disposition, concentration in the hair, and anthelmintic efficacy of eprinomectin after topical administration in donkeys.. Am J Vet Res 2011 Dec;72(12):1639-45.
    doi: 10.2460/ajvr.72.12.1639pubmed: 22126692google scholar: lookup
  40. Kanojiya D, Shanker D, Sudan V, Jaiswal AK, Parashar R. In vitro and in vivo efficacy of extracts of leaves of Eucalyptus globulus on ovine gastrointestinal nematodes.. Parasitol Res 2015 Jan;114(1):141-8.
    doi: 10.1007/s00436-014-4169-1pubmed: 25300421google scholar: lookup
  41. Martin M, Mathias E, McCorkle CM. Ethnoveterinary Medicine: An Annotated Bibliography of Community. London: Animal Healthcare ITDG Publishing; (2001).
  42. Gangwar M, Goel RK, Nath G. Mallotus philippinensis Muell. Arg (Euphorbiaceae): ethnopharmacology and phytochemistry review.. Biomed Res Int 2014;2014:213973.
    doi: 10.1155/2014/213973pmc: PMC4109133pubmed: 25105119google scholar: lookup
  43. Singh R, Singhal KC, Khan NU. Antifilarial activity of Mallotus philippensis Lam. on Setaria cervie (Nematoda: Filarioidea) in vitro.. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 1997 Oct;41(4):397-403.
    pubmed: 10235663
  44. Kumar VP, Chauhan NS, Padh H, Rajani M. Search for antibacterial and antifungal agents from selected Indian medicinal plants.. J Ethnopharmacol 2006 Sep 19;107(2):182-8.
    doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2006.03.013pubmed: 16678369google scholar: lookup
  45. Gupta SS, Verma P, Hishikar K. Purgative and anthelmintic effects of Mallotus philippinensis in rats against tape worm.. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 1984 Jan-Mar;28(1):63-6.
    pubmed: 6490133
  46. Jabbar A, Raza MA, Iqbal Z, Khan MN. An inventory of the ethnobotanicals used as anthelmintics in the southern Punjab (Pakistan).. J Ethnopharmacol 2006 Nov 3;108(1):152-4.
    doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2006.04.015pubmed: 16730420google scholar: lookup
  47. Hussain A, Khan MN, Iqbal Z, Sajid MS. An account of the botanical anthelmintics used in traditional veterinary practices in Sahiwal district of Punjab, Pakistan.. J Ethnopharmacol 2008 Sep 2;119(1):185-90.
    doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2008.06.034pubmed: 18657602google scholar: lookup
  48. Marrassini C, Acevedo C, Miño J, Ferraro G, Gorzalczany S. Evaluation of antinociceptive, antinflammatory activities and phytochemical analysis of aerial parts of Urtica urens L.. Phytother Res 2010 Dec;24(12):1807-12.
    doi: 10.1002/ptr.3188pubmed: 20564509google scholar: lookup
  49. Mzid M, Ben Khedir S, Bardaa S, Sahnoun Z, Rebai T. Chemical composition, phytochemical constituents, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Urtica urens L. leaves.. Arch Physiol Biochem 2017 May;123(2):93-104.
    doi: 10.1080/13813455.2016.1255899pubmed: 27960552google scholar: lookup
  50. Ibrahim M, Rehman K, Razzaq A, Hussain I, Farooq T, Hussain A, Akash MSH. Investigations of Phytochemical Constituents and Their Pharmacological Properties Isolated from the Genus Urtica: Critical Review and Analysis.. Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr 2018;28(1):25-66.
    doi: 10.1615/CritRevEukaryotGeneExpr.2018020389pubmed: 29773014google scholar: lookup
  51. Moudgil AD, Prashar A, Moudgil P, Sharma A, Sharma M. Cyathostomum catinatum infection in a mule of Palam Valley, India: a case report.. J Parasit Dis 2017 Jun;41(2):534-537.
    doi: 10.1007/s12639-016-0845-7pmc: PMC5447622pubmed: 28615874google scholar: lookup
  52. Saleem A, Pervez K, Khan MS, Hashmi HA. Prevalence and chemotherapy of strongylosis and its effect on various blood parameters in horse. Pak J Sci (2000) 52:41–3.
  53. Dennis VA, Klei TR, Miller MA, Chapman MR, McClure JR. Immune responses of pony foals during repeated infections of Strongylus vulgaris and regular ivermectin treatments.. Vet Parasitol 1992 Apr;42(1-2):83-99.
    doi: 10.1016/0304-4017(92)90105-Ipubmed: 1615633google scholar: lookup

Citations

This article has been cited 3 times.
  1. Elghandour MMMY, Maggiolino A, Vázquez-Mendoza P, Alvarado-Ramírez ER, Cedillo-Monroy J, De Palo P, Salem AZM. Moringa oleifera as a Natural Alternative for the Control of Gastrointestinal Parasites in Equines: A Review. Plants (Basel) 2023 May 8;12(9).
    doi: 10.3390/plants12091921pubmed: 37176979google scholar: lookup
  2. Zhang Z, Huang B, Wang Y, Zhu M, Wang C. Could Weaning Remodel the Oral Microbiota Composition in Donkeys? An Exploratory Study. Animals (Basel) 2022 Aug 10;12(16).
    doi: 10.3390/ani12162024pubmed: 36009615google scholar: lookup
  3. Maestrini M, Molento MB, Mancini S, Martini M, Angeletti FGS, Perrucci S. Intestinal Strongyle Genera in Different Typology of Donkey Farms in Tuscany, Central Italy. Vet Sci 2020 Dec 2;7(4).
    doi: 10.3390/vetsci7040195pubmed: 33276602google scholar: lookup
Subscribe to our newsletter
Join 99,357 horse owners like you who receive our email updates on horse health and nutrition.