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Frontiers in veterinary science2022; 9; 892920; doi: 10.3389/fvets.2022.892920

Occurrence of Strongylid Nematode Parasites on Horse Farms in Berlin and Brandenburg, Germany, With High Seroprevalence of Strongylus vulgaris Infection.

Abstract: The infection of horses with strongylid nematodes is highly prevalent, with multi-species infections being the rule. spp. and in particular are amongst the most pathogenic strongyle equine parasites. Presumably due to regular strategic anthelmintic treatments in combination with long prepatencies, prevalence of these worms was severely reduced in past decades. In this study, 484 horses from 48 farms in Berlin/Brandenburg, Germany were sampled between May 2017 and January 2018. Mini-FLOTAC and combined sedimentation/flotation were used to analyse faecal samples and larval cultures were carried out from individual strongyle infected horses for molecular testing for spp. infection. Additionally, for , antibodies against a recombinant larval antigen were quantified in an ELISA. Strongyle type eggs were detected in 66.7% of the individual faecal samples. Nematode DNA was amplifiable from 311 samples and and were detected in four (1.3%) and 10 (6.3%) of these, respectively, the latter using a novel high-resolution-melt PCR targeting , and . On the farm level, prevalence for spp. by PCR was 12.5%. Applying a conservative cut-off (sensitivity 0.43, specificity 0.96), 21.2% of all serum samples were positive for antibodies against larvae (83.3% prevalence on farm level). Newly developed pyrosequencing assays to analyse putatively benzimidazole resistance associated polymorphisms in codons 167, 198, and 200 of the isotype 1 β-tubulin gene of did not detect such polymorphisms in the four positive samples. Low age and increasing access to pasture were risk factors for egg shedding and seropositivity for . Time since last treatment increased whereas use of moxidectin and ivermectin for the last treatment decreased the risk for strongyle egg shedding. Noteworthy, horses under selective treatment had significantly higher odds to be seropositive for anti- antibodies than horses treated four times per year (odds ratio 4.4). The serological findings suggest that exposure to is considerably higher than expected from direct diagnostic approaches. One potential explanation is the contamination of the environment by a few infected horses, leading to the infection of many horses with larvae that never reach maturity due to regular anthelmintic treatments.
Copyright © 2022 Jürgenschellert, Krücken, Bousquet, Bartz, Heyer, Nielsen and von Samson-Himmelstjerna.
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Publication Date: 2022-06-10 PubMed ID: 35754549PubMed Central: PMC9226773DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.892920Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research paper explores the prevalence of strongylid nematodes, particularly Strongylus vulgaris, in horses across 48 farms in Berlin and Brandenburg, Germany. It suggests that the infection is more rampant than anticipated due to environmental contamination caused by a few infected horses despite regular anthelmintic treatments.

Research Methodology used in the study

  • The authors of the study collected samples from 484 horses across 48 different farms situated in Berlin and Brandenburg, Germany, from May 2017 to January 2018.
  • Two different techniques, namely Mini-FLOTAC and combined sedimentation/flotation, were employed for analysing individual faecal samples. The presence of strongyle eggs was indicative of an infection.
  • Larval cultures obtained from these horses were subjected to molecular testing for Strongylus spp. infection.
  • In addition, for Strongylus vulgaris, antibodies against a recombinant larval antigen were quantified using an Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Study Findings

  • The study found strongyle type eggs in 66.7% individual faecal samples. Moreover, nematode DNA was obtained from 311 samples with Strongylus vulgaris and Strongylus spp. found in 1.3% and 6.3% of these samples, respectively.
  • The farm-level prevalence was estimated to be 12.5% for Strongylus spp.
  • With defined sensitivity and specificity values, 21.2% of serum samples showed positivity for antibodies against Strongylus vulgaris larvae.
  • Younger horses and those with increased access to pasture were identified as high-risk groups for strongyle infection.

Inference and Implications

  • The inference drawn from the study indicated a much higher than anticipated exposure to Strongylus vulgaris from direct diagnostic approaches.
  • The higher exposure rates could likely be due to environmental contamination from a few infected horses, culminating in the mass infection of horses with larvae.
  • The researchers noticed such high infection rates despite the regular usage of anthelmintic treatments, suggesting that these treatments might not be entirely effective in controlling the prevalence of the parasites.

Odds associated with Treatment Regimes

  • The study also noted that the time elapsed since the last administered treatment resulted in a higher probability of Strongylus egg shedding.
  • The use of anthelmintic drugs such as moxidectin and ivermectin in the last treatment considerably lowered the risk of egg shedding.
  • However, horses treated only selectively demonstrated significantly higher odds (odds ratio 4.4) of being seropositive than those treated four times a year.

Cite This Article

APA
Jürgenschellert L, Krücken J, Bousquet E, Bartz J, Heyer N, Nielsen MK, von Samson-Himmelstjerna G. (2022). Occurrence of Strongylid Nematode Parasites on Horse Farms in Berlin and Brandenburg, Germany, With High Seroprevalence of Strongylus vulgaris Infection. Front Vet Sci, 9, 892920. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2022.892920

Publication

Frontiers in veterinary science
ISSN: 2297-1769
NlmUniqueID: 101666658
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 9
Pages: 892920
PII: 892920

Researcher Affiliations

Jürgenschellert, Laura
  • Institute for Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Krücken, Jürgen
  • Institute for Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Bousquet, Eric
  • Virbac, Carros, France.
Bartz, Jürgen
  • Virbac Tierazneimittel GmbH, Bad Oldesloe, Germany.
Heyer, Nina
  • Institute for Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Nielsen, Martin K
  • M.H. Gluck Equine Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States.
von Samson-Himmelstjerna, Georg
  • Institute for Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.

Conflict of Interest Statement

JB is employed by Virbac Tierarzneimittel GMBH and EB by Virbac France. GS-H declares that he has repeatedly acted as consultant for veterinary pharmaceutical and diagnostic companies and has previous and ongoing research collaborations with various companies. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

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Citations

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