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Frontiers in veterinary science2022; 9; 1056723; doi: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1056723

One Health surveillance approaches for melioidosis and glanders: The Malaysian perspective.

Abstract: The One Health concept was initiated to promote the integration of human, animal, and environmental ecosystems into healthcare to ensure effective control and the sustainable governance of multifaceted health matters. Climate change, deforestation, and rigorous farming disrupt the environment, which serves as the natural habitat for many animals and microbes, increasing the likelihood of disease transmission between humans and animals. Melioidosis (neglected tropical diseases) and glanders are of humans and animals caused by the gram-negative bacteria Burkholderia pseudomallei and its close relative Burkholderia mallei, respectively. In Malaysia, although melioidosis is endemic, it is not a notifiable disease. Hence, the true prevalence of melioidosis in Malaysia is unknown and varies in different regions of the country, with reported hotspots associated with agriculture-related activities. To date, no incidence of human glanders has been reported in Malaysia, although occupational exposure for equine handlers and veterinary professionals remains a concern. Additionally, antibiotics are widely used in the healthcare and veterinary sectors to treat or prevent B. pseudomallei and B. mallei infections, leading to the emergence of resistance in B. pseudomallei. Lack of surveillance, research, assessment, and management of glanders and melioidosis is a major issue in Malaysia. Proper assessment systems and cross-discipline cooperation are vital to recognize and manage both diseases. Experts and practitioners from clinical and veterinary disciplines, environmentalists, law enforcement, policymakers, researchers, local communities, and other experts need to communicate, collaborate, and coordinate activities to fill the knowledge gap on glanders and melioidosis to reduce morbidity and mortality rates in the country. This review aims to define the organizational and functional characteristics of One Health surveillance approaches for glanders and melioidosis from a Malaysian perspective.
Copyright © 2022 Mariappan, Vellasamy, Anpalagar, Lim, Zainal Abidin, Subramaniam and Nathan.
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Publication Date: 2022-12-15 PubMed ID: 36590813PubMed Central: PMC9798326DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1056723Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research article explores the importance of an integrated One Health surveillance approach for two diseases, melioidosis and glanders, in Malaysia. The study highlights environmental ecological disruptions causing increased risk of disease transmission and the need for cross-disciplinary collaboration to manage these diseases.

One Health Concept

  • The One Health concept is an initiative designed to integrate facets of human, animal, and environmental ecosystems into health practices. It aims to help ensure effective control and governance of multifaceted health matters.
  • Environmental changes, such as climate change, deforestation, and intense farming practices disrupt natural habitats, potentially increasing the likelihood of disease transmission between animals and humans.

Melioidosis and Glanders

  • Melioidosis and glanders are diseases caused by the Gram-negative bacteria Burkholderia pseudomallei and its close relative Burkholderia mallei, respectively.
  • In Malaysia, melioidosis is endemic, but it is not a notifiable disease. Consequently, the exact prevalence of this disease in the country remains unknown and varies by region. There are reported hotspots associated with agriculture-related activities.
  • Thus far, there have been no reported incidence of human glanders in Malaysia. However, the risk remains among occupational groups such as those handling horses and veterinary professionals.

Healthcare Challenges and Antibiotic Use

  • The common use of antibiotics in healthcare and veterinary sectors to treat or prevent these diseases has led to the emergence of resistance in the bacteria, thereby creating a significant healthcare challenge.
  • The lack of surveillance, research, assessment, and management of both glanders and melioidosis presents major issues in Malaysia’s health system.
  • Implementing proper assessment systems and promoting cooperation across various disciplines are critical to identifying and managing both diseases.

The Need for Integration and Collaboration

  • The research calls for enhanced communication and collaboration among clinical and veterinary experts, environmentalists, law enforcement officers, policymakers, researchers, local communities, and other stakeholders.
  • This collaborative and integrated approach aims to bridge the knowledge gap on glanders and melioidosis, striving to reduce both morbidity and mortality rates within the country.
  • The study concludes by affirming its objective to define the organizational and functional characteristics of One Health surveillance approaches for glanders and melioidosis from the perspective of Malaysia.

Cite This Article

APA
Mariappan V, Vellasamy KM, Anpalagar RR, Lim YM, Zainal Abidin N, Subramaniam S, Nathan S. (2022). One Health surveillance approaches for melioidosis and glanders: The Malaysian perspective. Front Vet Sci, 9, 1056723. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2022.1056723

Publication

Frontiers in veterinary science
ISSN: 2297-1769
NlmUniqueID: 101666658
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 9
Pages: 1056723

Researcher Affiliations

Mariappan, Vanitha
  • Center for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Vellasamy, Kumutha Malar
  • Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Anpalagar, Rohan Raaj
  • Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Lim, Yue-Min
  • Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Zainal Abidin, Nurhamimah
  • Faculty of Applied Sciences, School of Biology, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Negeri Sembilan, Kuala Pilah, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.
Subramaniam, Sreeramanan
  • School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Georgetown, Penang, Malaysia.
  • Chemical Centre Biology, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Bayan Lepas, Penang, Malaysia.
  • National Poison Centre, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Georgetown, Penang, Malaysia.
Nathan, Sheila
  • Faculty of Science and Technology, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

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