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Acta orthopaedica2016; 87(4); 418-424; doi: 10.1080/17453674.2016.1180578

Optical coherence tomography enables accurate measurement of equine cartilage thickness for determination of speed of sound.

Abstract: Background and purpose - Arthroscopic estimation of articular cartilage thickness is important for scoring of lesion severity, and measurement of cartilage speed of sound (SOS)-a sensitive index of changes in cartilage composition. We investigated the accuracy of optical coherence tomography (OCT) in measurements of cartilage thickness and determined SOS by combining OCT thickness and ultrasound (US) time-of-flight (TOF) measurements. Material and methods - Cartilage thickness measurements from OCT and microscopy images of 94 equine osteochondral samples were compared. Then, SOS in cartilage was determined using simultaneous OCT thickness and US TOF measurements. SOS was then compared with the compositional, structural, and mechanical properties of cartilage. Results - Measurements of non-calcified cartilage thickness using OCT and microscopy were significantly correlated (ρ = 0.92; p < 0.001). With calcified cartilage included, the correlation was ρ = 0.85 (p < 0.001). The mean cartilage SOS (1,636 m/s) was in agreement with the literature. However, SOS and the other properties of cartilage lacked any statistically significant correlation. Interpretation - OCT can give an accurate measurement of articular cartilage thickness. Although SOS measurements lacked accuracy in thin equine cartilage, the concept of SOS measurement using OCT appears promising.
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Publication Date: 2016-05-10 PubMed ID: 27164159PubMed Central: PMC4967287DOI: 10.1080/17453674.2016.1180578Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

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This study explores the use of optical coherence tomography (OCT) in accurately measuring the thickness of equine cartilage, to further determine the speed of sound (SOS) in the cartilage. Despite various cartilage properties lacking in statistical correlation, OCT is found to be a promising tool for SOS measurement.

Background and Purpose

  • The accuracy of measuring cartilage thickness is crucial for estimating the severity of lesions and for determining the speed of sound (SOS), which is an indicator of changes in the cartilage’s composition.
  • The researchers aimed to ascertain the precision of optical coherence tomography (OCT) in cartilage thickness measurements and to calculate the SOS by combining the OCT thickness with ultrasound time-of-flight (TOF) measurements.

Materials and Methods

  • The study conducted a comparison of cartilage thickness measurements derived from OCT and microscopy images of equine osteochondral samples.
  • They then determined SOS in the cartilage using synchronous OCT thickness and ultrasound TOF measurements.
  • After obtaining the SOS, they compared it to the structural, compositional, and mechanical properties of the cartilage.

Results

  • The researchers found a substantial correlation (p < 0.001) between measurements of non-calcified cartilage thickness using OCT and microscopy, with a correlation coefficient of ρ = 0.92 and ρ = 0.85 when calcified cartilage was included.
  • The mean cartilage SOS (1,636 m/s) was found to be consistent with existing literature. But, there was no statistically significant correlation between SOS and the other properties of cartilage.

Interpretation

  • The researchers concluded that OCT could accurately measure articular cartilage thickness.
  • Though the SOS measurements were less precise in thin equine cartilage, the researchers found OCT to be a promising tool for SOS measurement, owing to its accuracy in identifying cartilage thickness.

Cite This Article

APA
Puhakka PH, Te Moller NC, Tanska P, Saarakkala S, Tiitu V, Korhonen RK, Brommer H, Virén T, Jurvelin JS, Töyräs J. (2016). Optical coherence tomography enables accurate measurement of equine cartilage thickness for determination of speed of sound. Acta Orthop, 87(4), 418-424. https://doi.org/10.1080/17453674.2016.1180578

Publication

Acta orthopaedica
ISSN: 1745-3682
NlmUniqueID: 101231512
Country: Sweden
Language: English
Volume: 87
Issue: 4
Pages: 418-424

Researcher Affiliations

Puhakka, Pia H
  • a Department of Applied Physics , University of Eastern Finland , Kuopio ;
  • b Department of Clinical Neurophysiology , Kuopio University Hospital , Kuopio , Finland ;
Te Moller, Nikae C R
  • c Department of Equine Sciences , Utrecht University , Utrecht , the Netherlands ;
Tanska, Petri
  • a Department of Applied Physics , University of Eastern Finland , Kuopio ;
Saarakkala, Simo
  • a Department of Applied Physics , University of Eastern Finland , Kuopio ;
  • d Department of Medical Technology , Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu , Oulu ;
  • e Department of Diagnostic Radiology , Oulu University Hospital , Oulu ;
Tiitu, Virpi
  • f School of Medicine , Institute of Biomedicine, Anatomy, University of Eastern Finland , Kuopio ;
Korhonen, Rami K
  • a Department of Applied Physics , University of Eastern Finland , Kuopio ;
Brommer, Harold
  • c Department of Equine Sciences , Utrecht University , Utrecht , the Netherlands ;
Virén, Tuomas
  • g Cancer Center , Kuopio University Hospital , Kuopio , Finland.
Jurvelin, Jukka S
  • a Department of Applied Physics , University of Eastern Finland , Kuopio ;
Töyräs, Juha
  • a Department of Applied Physics , University of Eastern Finland , Kuopio ;
  • b Department of Clinical Neurophysiology , Kuopio University Hospital , Kuopio , Finland ;

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Cartilage Diseases / pathology
  • Cartilage, Articular / pathology
  • Disease Models, Animal
  • Horses
  • Metacarpophalangeal Joint / diagnostic imaging
  • Tomography, Optical Coherence / methods
  • Ultrasonography / methods

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Citations

This article has been cited 3 times.
  1. Castro NJ, Babakhanova G, Hu J, Athanasiou KA. Nondestructive testing of native and tissue-engineered medical products: adding numbers to pictures. Trends Biotechnol 2022 Feb;40(2):194-209.
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