Osteochondroma of the First Phalanx in Tbourida Horses.
Abstract: This study aimed at describing anatomo-histopathological and imaging features, using computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging on six forelimbs of Tbourida horses, that presented a particular bone exostosis on the dorsal and proximal part of the first phalanx, diagnosed by X-ray. Gross anatomy of the bone exostosis revealed an irregular surface with poly-lobulated tissue masses showing a cauliflower shape. The diameter/depth varied from 0.5 to 5.1 cm with a mean of 3.9 ± 0.9 cm. The capsule of the metacarpophalangeal joint was hypertrophic and showed many invaginations in the inner part, in contact with the bone exostosis. Computed tomography revealed cortical and medullary continuity of the bone exostosis, with the underlying bone, and remodeling of the cortical surface of the dorsal and proximal part of the first phalanx. Magnetic resonance imaging showed an increased signal intensity of the bone exostosis on the T1- and T2-weighted gradient fast echo. Histological examination of the bone exostosis revealed a cap of hyaline cartilage, including large foci of endochondral ossification with a base of cancellous bone surrounding marrow spaces, which confirmed the diagnosis of osteochondroma. The capsule of the metacarpophalangeal joint showed a large amount of recently formed connective tissue fibers in its inner part, interspersed with mature connective tissue. The hyperextension of the metacarpophalangeal joint during a Tbourida show, which occurs on a hard ground surface, and the use of hobbles in horse stabling are most likely responsible for the outgrowth of an osteochondroma of different shapes and sizes, and fracture complications in some cases.
Publication Date: 2019-01-08 PubMed ID: 30671439PubMed Central: PMC6331405DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00328Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
- Anatomy
- Bones
- Case Reports
- Clinical Findings
- Clinical Pathology
- Clinical Study
- Computed Tomography
- Diagnosis
- Diagnostic Imaging
- Disease Diagnosis
- Equine Diseases
- Equine Health
- Histopathology
- Horses
- Imaging Techniques
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- Metacarpophalangeal Joint
- Radiology
- Veterinary Medicine
- Veterinary Research
Summary
This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.
The research investigated an unusual bone growth condition, osteochondroma, in Tbourida horses, using various imaging methods and histological examinations. It also identified the possible cause for the condition as excess stress on the joints due to the distinctive hyperextension movements during Tbourida shows and use of hobbles.
Study Methods
- The study made use of computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and X-ray techniques to investigate symptomatic forelimbs in six Tbourida horses.
- Gross anatomy of the bone exostosis, or abnormal bone growth, was closely studied, which revealed physical features of the condition such as an uneven cauliflower-like surface and varying depth/diameter measurements.
- CT scans were used to determine the continuity of the bone exostosis with the underlying bone. The scans also revealed any remodeling of the local bone surface. MRI further revealed the intensity of signals from the bone exostosis.
- Microscopic histological examinations of the bone exostosis were carried out to reveal minute details that confirmed the diagnosis of osteochondroma. This involved identifying a cap of hyaline cartilage, areas of endochondral ossification, and a base of spongy bone surrounding marrow spaces.
Findings
- The findings revealed an osteochondroma condition, characterized by irregular and cauliflower-shaped bone exostosis on the dorsal and proximal parts of the first phalanx.
- The hypertrophy of the metacarpophalangeal joint’s capsule along with many inner invaginations were found. This indicated the joint’s exceptional growth or enlargement.
- CT and MRI findings revealed the correlation of the bone exostosis with the first phalanx, and histological examinations confirmed the diagnosis of osteochondroma.
- New connective tissue fibers, along with mature connections, were found in the inner parts of the joint’s capsule. This suggested recent growth or repair activity.
- The unusual hyperextension of the metacarpophalangeal joint during Tbourida shows, which happen on a hard surface, as well as the use of hobbles in horse stabling could be the main causes of the condition. This activity subjected the joint to unusual stress and pressure, leading to abnormal bone growth, osteochondroma and possibly fractures in certain cases.
Implications
- The study offers a thorough understanding of osteochondroma in Tbourida horses, including detailed physical, imaging and histological characteristics.
- The highlighted activities placing unusual stress on the horses’ joints could help in considering preventive measures or changing practices to reduce the risk of the condition.
- This research could also be useful for better diagnosis and treatment of osteochondroma in similar cases involving other horse species or animals with similar skeletal structure.
Cite This Article
APA
Seghrouchni M, Bollo E, Piro M, Alyakine H, Bouayad H, Chakir J, Azrib R, Allali KE.
(2019).
Osteochondroma of the First Phalanx in Tbourida Horses.
Front Vet Sci, 5, 328.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2018.00328 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Hassan II Institute of Agronomy and Veterinary, Veterinary University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco.
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Torino, Turin, Italy.
- Department of Medicine Reproduction and Surgery, Hassan II Institute of Agronomy and Veterinary, Rabat, Morocco.
- Department of Medicine Reproduction and Surgery, Hassan II Institute of Agronomy and Veterinary, Rabat, Morocco.
- Department of Medicine Reproduction and Surgery, Hassan II Institute of Agronomy and Veterinary, Rabat, Morocco.
- The Royal Guard, Rabat, Morocco.
- Department of Medicine Reproduction and Surgery, Hassan II Institute of Agronomy and Veterinary, Rabat, Morocco.
- Comparative Anatomy Unit, Department of Biological and Pharmaceutical Veterinary Sciences, Hassan II Institute of Agronomy and Veterinary, Rabat, Morocco.
References
This article includes 34 references
- Mora-Carreno M, Briones R, Galecio JS, Parra D, Rosenfeld C, Schmeisser A. Main musculoskeletal injuries associated with lameness in Chilean Rodeo horses.. Arch Med Vet (2014) 46:419–24.
- Ross MW. Lameness in horses: basic facts before starting.. In: Ross MW, Dyson SJ, editors. Diagnosis and Management of Lameness in the Horse. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders Inc; (2003). p. 3–7.
- Murray RC, Dyson SJ, Tranquille C, Adams V. Association of type of sport and performance level with anatomical site of orthopaedic injury diagnosis.. Equine Vet J Suppl 2006 Aug;(36):411-6.
- Lewis RD. Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the American Association of Equine Practitioners. (San Diego, CA: ) (2001).
- Mieg CT. Six Semaines en Afrique: Sevenirs de Voyage. Paris: Lévy frères; (1862). p. 153–55.
- Denoix JM, Jacot S, Bousseau B, Perrot P. Ultrasonographic anatomy of the dorsal and abaxial aspects of the equine fetlock.. Equine Vet J 1996 Jan;28(1):54-62.
- Touitou Y, Smolensky MH, Portaluppi F. Ethics, standards, and procedures of animal and human chronobiology research.. Chronobiol Int 2006;23(6):1083-96.
- Westra WH, Hruban RH, Phelps TH, Isacson C. Surgical Pathology Dissection: An Illustrated Guide. 2nd ed New York, NY: Springer-Verlag; (2003).
- Wright IM, Minshall GJ. Clinical, radiological and ultrasonographic features, treatment and outcome in 22 horses with caudal distal radial osteochondromata.. Equine Vet J 2012 May;44(3):319-24.
- Ahmed O, Moore DD, Stacy GS. Imaging Diagnosis of Solitary Tumors of the Phalanges and Metacarpals of the Hand.. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2015 Jul;205(1):106-15.
- Kitsoulis P, Galani V, Stefanaki K, Paraskevas G, Karatzias G, Agnantis NJ, Bai M. Osteochondromas: review of the clinical, radiological and pathological features.. In Vivo 2008 Sep-Oct;22(5):633-46.
- Thompson KG, Pool RR. Tumors of bones.. In: Meuten DJ, editor. Tumors in Domestic Animals. 4th ed Ames, IA: Iowa State Press; (2002). p. 245–317.
- Lundvall RL. Periosteal new bone formation of the radius as a cause of lameness in two horses.. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1976 Apr 1;168(7):612-3.
- Lee HA, Grant BD, Gallina AM. Solitary osteochondroma in a horse: a case report.. J. Equine Med. Surg. (1979) 3:113–15.
- Held JP, Patton CS, Shires M. Solitary osteochondroma of the radius in three horses.. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1988 Sep 1;193(5):563-4.
- Squire KR, Adams SB, Widmer WR, Coatney RW, Habig C. Arthroscopic removal of a palmar radial osteochondroma causing carpal canal syndrome in a horse.. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1992 Oct 15;201(8):1216-8.
- Southwood LL, Stashak TS, Fehr JE, Ray C. Lateral approach for endoscopic removal of solitary osteochondromas from the distal radial metaphysis in three horses.. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1997 Apr 15;210(8):1166-8.
- Stashak TS. The forearm (antebrachium).. In: Stashak TS, editor. Adams' Lameness in Horses. 5th ed Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins; (2002). p. 864–79.
- Easter JL, Watkins JP, Berridge B, Homco LD. A digital osteochondroma as the cause of lameness in a foal.. Vet. Comp. Orthop. Traumatol. (1998) 11:44–6.
- Chan CCH, Munroe GA, Callanan JJ. Congenital solitary osteochondroma affecting the tarsus in a filly foal.. Equine Vet. Educ. (1996) 8:153–56.
- Kenzora KT, Wagner von Matthiessen P, Sheehan RM. A uniquely located solitary plantar tibial osteochondroma in a Thoroughbred race horse.. Equine Pract. (1995) 17:23–5.
- Secombe CJ, Anderson BH. Diagnosis and treatment of an osteochondroma of the distal tibia in a 3-year-old horse.. Aust Vet J 2000 Jan;78(1):16-8.
- Pasolini MP, Greco M, Trapani F, Testa A, Potena A, Costagliola A, Paciello O. Nasal bone osteochondroma in a horse.. Vet Rec 2009 Apr 25;164(17):534-5.
- Thompson K. Tumors and tumor-like lesions of bones.. In: Maxie MG, editor. Jubb, Pathology of Domestic Animals. 5th ed Edinburgh: Kennedy and Palmer's, Elsevier; (2007). p. 110–30.
- Murphey MD, Choi JJ, Kransdorf MJ, Flemming DJ, Gannon FH. Imaging of osteochondroma: variants and complications with radiologic-pathologic correlation.. Radiographics 2000 Sep-Oct;20(5):1407-34.
- Wood VE, Molitor C, Mudge MK. Hand involvement in multiple hereditary exostosis.. Hand Clin 1990 Nov;6(4):685-92.
- Trotter GW, McIlwraith CW, Norrdin RW, Turner AS. Degenerative joint disease with osteochondrosis of the proximal interphalangeal joint in young horses.. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1982 Jun 1;180(11):1312-8.
- deSantos LA, Spjut HJ. Periosteal chondroma: a radiographic spectrum.. Skeletal Radiol 1981;6(1):15-20.
- Trotter GW, Aanes WA, Synder SP. Laryngeal chondroma in a horse.. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1981 Apr 15;178(8):829-30.
- Hinchcliff KW, Kaneps AJ, Geor RJ. Equine Sports Medicine and Surgery.. 2nd ed Distal Limb: Fetlock and Pastern; (2014). p. 287.
- Baxter GM, Turner AS. Diseases of bone and related structures.. In: Stashak TS, editor. Adams' Lameness in Horses. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott/Williams and Wilkins; (2002). p. 401–57.
- Bertoni L, Forresu D, Coudry V, Audigie F, Denoix JM. Exostoses on the palmar or plantar aspect of the diaphysis of the third metacarpal or metatarsal bone in horses: 16 cases (2001-2010).. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2012 Mar 15;240(6):740-7.
- Santschi EM. Articular fetlock injuries in exercising horses.. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2008 Apr;24(1):117-32.
- Chateau H, Robin D, Falala S, Pourcelot P, Valette JP, Ravary B, Denoix JM, Crevier-Denoix N. Effects of a synthetic all-weather waxed track versus a crushed sand track on 3D acceleration of the front hoof in three horses trotting at high speed.. Equine Vet J 2009 Mar;41(3):247-51.
Citations
This article has been cited 2 times.- Abushhiwa MH, Elmeshreghi TN, Alrtib AM, Bennour EM, Oheida AH. First phalanx exostosis in traditional equestrian horses in Western Libya.. Open Vet J 2022 Jan-Feb;12(1):69-74.
- Seghrouchni M, Elkasraoui H, Piro M, Alyakine H, Bouayad H, Chakir J, Tligui N, Elallali K, Azrib R. Osteoarticular radiographic findings of the distal forelimbs in Tbourida Horses.. Heliyon 2019 Sep;5(9):e02514.
Use Nutrition Calculator
Check if your horse's diet meets their nutrition requirements with our easy-to-use tool Check your horse's diet with our easy-to-use tool
Talk to a Nutritionist
Discuss your horse's feeding plan with our experts over a free phone consultation Discuss your horse's diet over a phone consultation
Submit Diet Evaluation
Get a customized feeding plan for your horse formulated by our equine nutritionists Get a custom feeding plan formulated by our nutritionists
