Osteon interfacial strength and histomorphometry of equine cortical bone.
Abstract: The interfacial strength of secondary osteons from the diaphysis of the Thoroughbred equine third metacarpal was evaluated using the fiber pushout test. The pushout was performed on 300-500 microm sections of 4x4x15 mm bone blocks machined from four anatomic regions of the cortex. Pushout strength was evaluated from proximal to distal location within the diaphysis on four osteon types classified under polarized light on adjacent histologic sections from each block. The shear strength of the interfaces were estimated from shear lag theory. Differences were found in the interfacial strength of osteons based on appearance under polarized light with bright field having the highest interfacial strength (40.3 MPa). The lowest strength was found in the dark field osteons (22.8 MPa). The dorsal region had the highest shear strength and toughness compared to all other regions. The cement line and interlamellar interfaces are similar in strength, but exhibit regional dependence--specifically, the palmar region strength is less (17.5 MPa) than the osteon interlamellar interfaces (30.4 MPa) and osteon type dependent (alternating significantly weaker than other types). Histomorphometry revealed significant regional differences (p<0.0001) in osteon area fraction among the four osteon types as well as differences in the osteon diameter (p=0.01), with dorsal regions having larger osteons (170 microm) than the palmar region (151 microm). Fatigue life and fracture toughness of Haversian bone are reported in the literature to be regionally dependent and are known to be associated with osteon pullout--an osteon interfacial phenomenon. Therefore, the results presented in this study are important to further the understanding of the mechanisms of fragility and damage accumulation in cortical bone.
Publication Date: 2005-07-12 PubMed ID: 16019009DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2005.05.006Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- N.I.H.
- Extramural
- Research Support
- U.S. Gov't
- Non-P.H.S.
Summary
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The research evaluates the strength of osteons in horse bones, specifically the Thoroughbred equine third metacarpal. The study discovered regional differences in strength, with the bright field osteons being the strongest, while also noting correlations with osteon size.
Methodology
- The approach involved a fiber pushout test, which involved measuring the strength of the osteon against the resistance of the surrounding material.
- The test was performed on bone sections taken from four anatomical regions. The sections were thinly cut to between 300 to 500 micrometers and formed into blocks.
- The blocks’ pushout strength was evaluated, varying from the proximal to distal location within the diaphysis. This evaluation focused on four different osteon types as classified under polarized light.
Findings
- The varying strengths of osteons based on their appearance under polarized light were reported. The brightest osteons had the highest interfacial strength of 40.3 MPa, while the dark field osteons had the lowest at 22.8 MPa.
- The dorsal region was found to have higher shear strength and toughness compared to other regions.
- Both the cement line and the interlamellar interfaces had similar strength. However, these exhibited regional dependence—the palmar region had less strength (17.5 MPa) than the osteon interlamellar interfaces (30.4 MPa) and was osteon type dependent.
- Significant regional differences were revealed by histomorphometry in the osteon area fraction among the four types, with the dorsal region having larger osteons.
Importance of the Study
- The study is important as it sheds light on the mechanisms leading to damage accumulation and fragility in cortical bone.
- Knowing this could be key to understanding regional dependence and relationships with osteon pullout as related to fatigue life and fracture toughness of Haversian bone.
Cite This Article
APA
Bigley RF, Griffin LV, Christensen L, Vandenbosch R.
(2005).
Osteon interfacial strength and histomorphometry of equine cortical bone.
J Biomech, 39(9), 1629-1640.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2005.05.006 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- California Polytechnic State University, Department of Materials Engineering, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Haversian System / cytology
- Haversian System / physiology
- Horses
- Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
- Models, Biological
- Stress, Mechanical
- Tensile Strength
Grant Funding
- R01 DE-13579 / NIDCR NIH HHS
Citations
This article has been cited 9 times.- Doube M. Closing cones create conical lamellae in secondary osteonal bone.. R Soc Open Sci 2022 Aug;9(8):220712.
- Gustafsson A, Wallin M, Khayyeri H, Isaksson H. Crack propagation in cortical bone is affected by the characteristics of the cement line: a parameter study using an XFEM interface damage model.. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2019 Aug;18(4):1247-1261.
- Matsuo H, Tsurumoto T, Maeda J, Saiki K, Okamoto K, Ogami-Takamura K, Kondo H, Tomita M, Yonekura A, Osaki M. Investigating interindividual variations in cortical bone quality: analysis of the morphotypes of secondary osteons and their population densities in the human femoral diaphysis.. Anat Sci Int 2019 Jan;94(1):75-85.
- Morgan EF, Unnikrisnan GU, Hussein AI. Bone Mechanical Properties in Healthy and Diseased States.. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 2018 Jun 4;20:119-143.
- Kim YH, Lee BT. Novel approach to the fabrication of an artificial small bone using a combination of sponge replica and electrospinning methods.. Sci Technol Adv Mater 2011 Jun;12(3):035002.
- Pfeiffer S, Heinrich J, Beresheim A, Alblas M. Cortical bone histomorphology of known-age skeletons from the Kirsten collection, Stellenbosch university, South Africa.. Am J Phys Anthropol 2016 May;160(1):137-47.
- Pazzaglia UE, Congiu T, Pienazza A, Zakaria M, Gnecchi M, Dell'orbo C. Morphometric analysis of osteonal architecture in bones from healthy young human male subjects using scanning electron microscopy.. J Anat 2013 Sep;223(3):242-54.
- Bernhard A, Milovanovic P, Zimmermann EA, Hahn M, Djonic D, Krause M, Breer S, Püschel K, Djuric M, Amling M, Busse B. Micro-morphological properties of osteons reveal changes in cortical bone stability during aging, osteoporosis, and bisphosphonate treatment in women.. Osteoporos Int 2013 Oct;24(10):2671-80.
- Skedros JG, Kiser CJ, Keenan KE, Thomas SC. Analysis of osteon morphotype scoring schemes for interpreting load history: evaluation in the chimpanzee femur.. J Anat 2011 May;218(5):480-99.
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