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Equine veterinary journal2022; 55(2); 222-229; doi: 10.1111/evj.13578

Outcome following emergency laparotomy in 33 UK donkeys: A retrospective multicentre study.

Abstract: Emergency laparotomies in donkeys are infrequently performed and there is limited literature on the subject. Objective: To determine findings and associated outcomes of exploratory laparotomies in donkeys. Methods: Descriptive retrospective study. Methods: Donkeys undergoing emergency exploratory laparotomy for investigation and treatment of colic at seven UK referral hospitals between 2005-2017 were included. Data were retrieved from available hospital records. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistical analysis of outcomes of interest was performed in three steps. Results: Thirty-three cases fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Clinical signs on presentation were available for 32 donkeys, of which 53.1% (17/32) presented for investigation of colic while in 46.9% (15/32) the presenting complaint was non-specific. Primary lesion location included small intestine (42.4%, 14/33), large colon (39.3%, 13/33), caecum (6.1%, 2/33), stomach (6.1%, 2/33) and 6.1% (2/33) had multiple abnormal findings without a clear primary lesion. Overall survival to discharge was 54.5% (18/33). Five donkeys (15.2%, 5/33) were euthanased at surgery and of those recovering from general anaesthesia a further 35.7% (10/28) were euthanased or died prior to discharge. Six donkeys (21.4%, 6/28) required a second laparotomy of which 4 (66.7%, 4/6) survived. Post-operative complications occurred in 82.1% (23/28) of cases and included hyperlipaemia (42.9%, 12/28), incisional complications (21.4%, 6/28), ileus (21.4%, 6/28) and persistent colic (17.9%, 5/28). When adjusted for other complications, donkeys with primary gastric lesions were less likely to have presented with severe colic compared with those with primary small intestinal lesions (OR: 0.07, 95% CI 0.01-0.95, p = 0.05). Only age was positively associated with death prior to discharge (OR: 1.18, 95% CI 1.03-1.36, p = 0.02). Conclusions: Small sample size and retrospective design. Conclusions: Donkeys with abdominal lesions may present with a range of signs often not including colic. Surgical findings were diverse and survival to discharge appears to be lower than in horses. Unassigned: Notfall-Laparotomien bei Eseln zur Untersuchung und Behandlung von Koliken werden nur selten durchgeführt und es gibt nur begrenzt Literatur zu diesem Thema. Unassigned: Bestimmung der Befunde und der damit verbundenen Ergebnisse von explorativen Laparotomien bei Eseln. Methods: Deskriptive retrospektive Studie. Methods: Esel, bei denen zwischen 2005 und 2017 in sieben britischen Tierkliniken eine explorative Notfall-Laparotomie zur Untersuchung und Behandlung von Koliken durchgeführt wurde, wurden in die Studie eingeschlossen. Die Daten wurden aus den verfügbaren Patientenkarteien entnommen. Die deskriptive Statistik und die schlussfolgernde statistische Analyse wurde in drei Schritten durchgeführt. Results: Die Einschlusskriterien erfüllten 33 Fälle. Daten zu den klinischen Symptomen waren von 32 Eseln verfügbar, von denen 53.1% (17/32) zur Untersuchung einer Kolik vorgestellt wurden, während bei 46.9% (15/32) die Beschwerden unspezifisch waren. Zu den primären Läsionen gehörten der Dünndarm (42.2%, 14/33), Dickdarm (39.3%, 13/33), Blinddarm (6.1%, 2/33), Magen (6.1%, 2/33) und 6.1% (2/33) wiesen mehrere abnormale Befunde ohne eindeutige primäre Läsion auf. Die Überlebensrate bis zur Entlassung betrug 54.5% (18/33). Fünf Esel (15.2%, 5/33) wurden intraoperativ euthanasiert. Weitere 35.7% (10/28) wurden vor der Entlassung euthanasiert oder starben. Sechs Esel (21.4%, 6/28) benötigten eine zweite Laparotomie, von diesen überlebten 4 (66.7%, 4/6). Postoperative Komplikationen traten in 82.1% (23/28) der Fälle auf und umfassten Hyperlipämie (42.9%, 12/28), Inzisionskomplikationen (21.4%, 6/28), Ileus (21.4%, 6/28) und anhaltende Koliken (17.9%, 5/28). Unter Berücksichtigung anderer Komplikationen war die Wahrscheinlichkeit, dass Esel mit primären Magenläsionen eine schwere Kolik hatten, geringer (p = 0.05) als bei Eseln mit primären Dünndarmläsionen (OR. 0.07, 95%CI 0.01-0.95). Nur das Alter stand in einem positiven Zusammenhang (p = 0.02) mit dem Tod vor der Entlassung. WICHTIGSTE EINSCHRÄNKUNGEN: Kleine Stichprobengröße und retrospektives Design. Unassigned: Esel mit abdominalen Läsionen können eine Reihe von Symptomen aufweisen, zu denen häufig keine Koliken gehören. Die chirurgischen Befunde waren vielfältig und die Überlebensrate bis zur Entlassung scheint geringer zu sein als bei Pferden.
Publication Date: 2022-06-21 PubMed ID: 35478419DOI: 10.1111/evj.13578Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Multicenter Study
  • Journal Article

Summary

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This research conducted a retrospective study on emergency laparotomies performed on donkeys in the UK for investigating and treating cases of colic. The study revealed a diverse range of surgical findings and that the survival rate to discharge was lower in donkeys than in horses.

Research Methods

  • The study involved donkeys that underwent emergency laparotomy for colic investigation and treatment at seven UK referral hospitals from 2005 to 2017.
  • The researchers used data retrieved from available hospital records for the study. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistical analysis of outcomes were performed in three steps.
  • The inclusion criteria of the study was met by 33 cases.

Findings

  • Clinical signs on presentation were available for 32 donkeys, in which 53.1% of the cases were presented for colic investigation, while the remaining had non-specific presenting complaints.
  • The location of the primary lesions included small intestine, large colon, caecum, stomach and in some cases, multiple abnormal findings without a clear primary lesion.
  • The survival rate to discharge was 54.5%, and 15.2% were euthanised during surgery. Of those recovering from general anaesthesia, an additional 35.7% were euthanised or died before discharge.
  • Post-operative complications were present in 82.1% of the cases and these included hyperlipaemia, incisional complications, ileus and persistent colic.
  • Statistical adjustment for complications showed that donkeys with primary gastric lesions were less likely to have severe colic compared to those with primary small intestinal lesions.
  • The study also found that age was positively associated with death before discharge.

Limitations and Conclusions

  • The major limitations of this study include its small sample size and its retrospective design.
  • The findings of the study suggest that donkeys with abdominal lesions may present with a range of signs often not including colic.
  • Also, the study concluded that survival to discharge appears to be lower in donkeys than in horses.

Cite This Article

APA
Merridale-Punter MS, Prutton JSW, Stefanovski D, Worsman FCF, Payne RJ, Wylie CE, Archer DC, Menzies-Gow NJ, Coles L, McGovern KF, Parker RA. (2022). Outcome following emergency laparotomy in 33 UK donkeys: A retrospective multicentre study. Equine Vet J, 55(2), 222-229. https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.13578

Publication

ISSN: 2042-3306
NlmUniqueID: 0173320
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 55
Issue: 2
Pages: 222-229

Researcher Affiliations

Merridale-Punter, Mathilde S
  • Liphook Equine Hospital, Liphook, UK.
  • Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, Australia.
Prutton, Jamie S W
  • Liphook Equine Hospital, Liphook, UK.
Stefanovski, Darko
  • University of Pennsylvania, Clinical Studies - New Bolton Center, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, USA.
Worsman, Francesca C F
  • The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Payne, Richard J
  • Rossdales Equine Hospital, Exning, UK.
Wylie, Claire E
  • Rossdales Equine Hospital, Exning, UK.
  • The University of Sydney, Sydney School of Veterinary Sciences, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Archer, Debra C
  • University of Liverpool, Equine Hospital, Leahurst Campus, Neston, UK.
Menzies-Gow, Nicola J
  • Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Herts, UK.
Coles, Lydia
  • Bourton Vale Equine Clinic, Cheltenham, UK.
McGovern, Kate F
  • Donnington Grove Veterinary Surgery, Newbury, UK.
Parker, Russell A
  • Liphook Equine Hospital, Liphook, UK.

MeSH Terms

  • Horses
  • Animals
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Laparotomy / veterinary
  • Colic / surgery
  • Colic / veterinary
  • Equidae / surgery
  • Horse Diseases / surgery
  • Postoperative Complications / veterinary
  • United Kingdom / epidemiology

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