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Pathological findings in horses dying during an outbreak of the paralytic form of Equid herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) infection.
Abstract: In 1988 an outbreak of the paralytic form of Equid herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) infection occurred on a stud farm and several animals died. This provided an opportunity to perform detailed pathological investigations to gain insights into the pathogenesis of this spontaneous disease. Two paretic mares, three foals, an aborted foetus and its non-paretic dam were examined. The endotheliotropism of the virus was clearly demonstrated by the use of an indirect immunoperoxidase (IP) stain. At autopsy, evidence of viral infection was widespread in the foetus and foals, but limited or absent in the mares, probably reflecting differences in their immune status. Vascular lesions were present in the central nervous system (CNS) of the foals as well as the adults; they resulted in minimal neural lesions in the foals. Severe changes in the upper and lower respiratory tracts were a particular feature in the foals, two of which exhibited extensive vasculitis and thrombosis in the lungs. The IP technique was of great value in locating antigen-containing cells in the CNS of one mare when virus isolation was negative. It also revealed the presence of virus in less well documented sites such as the pancreas, gut, thyroid, uveal tract and the skin of the nares.
Publication Date: 1992-01-01 PubMed ID: 1313358DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1992.tb02771.xGoogle Scholar: Lookup The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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The research article investigates and presents the pathological findings observed in horses during an outbreak of the paralytic form of Equid herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) infection. The virus was studied in multiple subjects including mares, foals, and a fetus, and its widespread effects were noted, with evidence of infection widely spread in the foals and fetus, but less so in adults.
Research Context
- In 1988, an outbreak of Equid herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1), the paralytic form of the infection, occurred on a stud farm. The study examined two mares, three foals, an aborted fetus, and its non-paretic dam.
- The research was performed to gather detailed data on the pathology of the disease in order to better understand its various effects on different age groups.
Pathological Investigations
- Viral infection was found to be widespread in foals and the fetus, but was either limited or entirely absent in the adult mares. This difference is believed to be due to variances in immune status.
- Vascular lesions were found in the central nervous system (CNS) of both foals and adults while severe changes were observed in the upper and lower respiratory tracts in the foals. Two of these foals also displayed extensive vasculitis and thrombosis in their lungs.
Methods and Techniques
- The research used an indirect immunoperoxidase (IP) stain to clearly demonstrate the endotheliotropism of the virus.
- The IP technique proved particularly useful in certain instances, such as locating antigen-containing cells in the CNS of one mare when virus isolation returned negative results.
Additional Findings
- The research revealed the presence of the virus in less commonly documented sites including the pancreas, gut, thyroid, uveal tract, and the skin of the nares.
Cite This Article
APA
Whitwell KE, Blunden AS.
(1992).
Pathological findings in horses dying during an outbreak of the paralytic form of Equid herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) infection.
Equine Vet J, 24(1), 13-19.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3306.1992.tb02771.x Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Animal Health Trust, Newmarket, Suffolk, UK.
MeSH Terms
- Abortion, Veterinary / epidemiology
- Abortion, Veterinary / pathology
- Animals
- Digestive System / pathology
- Disease Outbreaks / veterinary
- Endocrine Glands / pathology
- Female
- Herpesviridae Infections / epidemiology
- Herpesviridae Infections / pathology
- Herpesviridae Infections / veterinary
- Herpesvirus 1, Equid / isolation & purification
- Horse Diseases / epidemiology
- Horse Diseases / pathology
- Horses
- Liver / pathology
- Lymphoid Tissue / pathology
- Nervous System / pathology
- Pregnancy
- Respiratory System / pathology
- United Kingdom / epidemiology
Citations
This article has been cited 14 times.- Dayaram A, Seeber PA, Greenwood AD. Environmental Detection and Potential Transmission of Equine Herpesviruses. Pathogens 2021 Apr 1;10(4).
- Lecollinet S, Pronost S, Coulpier M, Beck C, Gonzalez G, Leblond A, Tritz P. Viral Equine Encephalitis, a Growing Threat to the Horse Population in Europe?. Viruses 2019 Dec 24;12(1).
- Oladunni FS, Horohov DW, Chambers TM. EHV-1: A Constant Threat to the Horse Industry. Front Microbiol 2019;10:2668.
- Holz CL, Sledge DG, Kiupel M, Nelli RK, Goehring LS, Soboll Hussey G. Histopathologic Findings Following Experimental Equine Herpesvirus 1 Infection of Horses. Front Vet Sci 2019;6:59.
- Garvey M, Lyons R, Hector RD, Walsh C, Arkins S, Cullinane A. Molecular Characterisation of Equine Herpesvirus 1 Isolates from Cases of Abortion, Respiratory and Neurological Disease in Ireland between 1990 and 2017. Pathogens 2019 Jan 15;8(1).
- Bryant NA, Wilkie GS, Russell CA, Compston L, Grafham D, Clissold L, McLay K, Medcalf L, Newton R, Davison AJ, Elton DM. Genetic diversity of equine herpesvirus 1 isolated from neurological, abortigenic and respiratory disease outbreaks. Transbound Emerg Dis 2018 Jun;65(3):817-832.
- Hussey GS, Goehring LS, Lunn DP, Hussey SB, Huang T, Osterrieder N, Powell C, Hand J, Holz C, Slater J. Experimental infection with equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) induces chorioretinal lesions. Vet Res 2013 Dec 5;44(1):118.
- Sasaki M, Hasebe R, Makino Y, Suzuki T, Fukushi H, Okamoto M, Matsuda K, Taniyama H, Sawa H, Kimura T. Equine major histocompatibility complex class I molecules act as entry receptors that bind to equine herpesvirus-1 glycoprotein D. Genes Cells 2011 Apr;16(4):343-57.
- Molinková D, Celer V. Recombinant single chain Fv antibodies specific for glycoprotein D of equid herpesvirus 1. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2006;51(5):492-6.
- Nugent J, Birch-Machin I, Smith KC, Mumford JA, Swann Z, Newton JR, Bowden RJ, Allen GP, Davis-Poynter N. Analysis of equid herpesvirus 1 strain variation reveals a point mutation of the DNA polymerase strongly associated with neuropathogenic versus nonneuropathogenic disease outbreaks. J Virol 2006 Apr;80(8):4047-60.
- Frampton AR Jr, Smith PM, Zhang Y, Grafton WD, Matsumura T, Osterrieder N, O'Callaghan DJ. Meningoencephalitis in mice infected with an equine herpesvirus 1 strain KyA recombinant expressing glycoprotein I and glycoprotein E. Virus Genes 2004 Aug;29(1):9-17.
- Smith D, Hamblin A, Edington N. Equid herpesvirus 1 infection of endothelial cells requires activation of putative adhesion molecules: an in vitro model. Clin Exp Immunol 2002 Aug;129(2):281-7.
- Olsen TF. Equine herpesvirus myeloencephalopathy in a 14-year-old quarter horse stallion. Can Vet J 2001 Mar;42(3):217-20.
- Allen G, Yeargan M, Costa LR, Cross R. Major histocompatibility complex class I-restricted cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses in horses infected with equine herpesvirus 1. J Virol 1995 Jan;69(1):606-12.
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