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The Canadian veterinary journal = La revue veterinaire canadienne2025; 66(3); 288-297; doi: 10.1111/evj.14115

Predictors and barriers for biosecurity uptake and risk understanding among Ontario horse owners.

Abstract: This study aimed to describe implementation of biosecurity practices by Ontario horse owners and investigate whether biosecurity implementation was associated with horse-owner demographic characteristics and personality traits. Unassigned: A cross-sectional questionnaire was administered to a convenience sample of horse owners in Ontario to collect data on demographics, personality traits, risk comprehension, and biosecurity practices. Hierarchical cluster analysis was used to identify clusters of participants with shared personality traits, and univariable associations between clusters and demographic and biosecurity variables were examined. Unassigned: A total of 271 participants were included in the analysis. Participants were primarily female (86%), from 25 to 44 y old (57%), and engaged in leisure riding (64%). Facility-level biosecurity plans were reported to be in place by 59% of participants, with 47% indicating that vaccinations were required within those plans. Other biosecurity practices were reported to be used less often by participants; for example, boot washing (31%) and disinfecting hands (27%). Two clusters of participants were identified according to similarities in personality traits: Cluster 1, which was characterized by high extraversion scores; and Cluster 2, which was characterized by high neuroticism scores. Cluster 1 participants were more involved in competitions, sought information from other horse owners, and received disease outbreak news from veterinarians. Cluster 2 participants exhibited higher variability in biosecurity practices implemented. Unassigned: Biosecurity is variably implemented on Ontario equine facilities, which warrants the need for ongoing efforts to increase uptake at high-risk facilities. Recommendations include fostering collaboration, providing tailored support and resources, and improving communication channels. Unassigned: Demographic, personality, and other lifestyle traits influence horse owners' biosecurity behaviors. Equine veterinarians may benefit from considering these factors to ensure effective communication and implementation of biosecurity plans at equine facilities. Prédicteurs et obstacles à l’adoption de la biosécurité et à la compréhension des risques chez les propriétaires de chevaux de l’Ontario. Unassigned: Cette étude visait à décrire la mise en œuvre des pratiques de biosécurité par les propriétaires de chevaux de l’Ontario et à déterminer si la mise en œuvre de la biosécurité était associée aux caractéristiques démographiques et aux traits de personnalité des propriétaires de chevaux. Unassigned: Un questionnaire transversal a été administré à un échantillon de convenance de propriétaires de chevaux en Ontario afin de recueillir des données sur la démographie, les traits de personnalité, la compréhension des risques et les pratiques de biosécurité. L’analyse hiérarchique des groupes a été utilisée pour identifier les groupes de participants ayant des traits de personnalité communs, et les associations univariées entre les groupes et les variables démographiques et de biosécurité ont été examinées. Unassigned: Au total, 271 participants ont été inclus dans l’analyse. Les participants étaient principalement des femmes (86 %), âgées de 25 à 44 ans (57 %) et pratiquant l’équitation de loisir (64 %). Cinquante-neuf pour cent des participants ont indiqué que des plans de biosécurité au niveau des établissements étaient en place, et 47 % d’entre eux ont indiqué que des vaccinations étaient requises dans le cadre de ces plans. D’autres pratiques de biosécurité ont été signalées comme étant utilisées moins souvent par les participants; par exemple, le lavage des bottes (31 %) et la désinfection des mains (27 %). Deux groupes de participants ont été identifiés en fonction des similitudes dans les traits de personnalité : le groupe 1, caractérisé par des scores d’extraversion élevés; et le groupe 2, caractérisé par des scores de névrosisme élevés. Les participants du groupe 1 étaient davantage impliqués dans les compétitions, recherchaient des informations auprès d’autres propriétaires de chevaux et recevaient des nouvelles sur les épidémies de la part des vétérinaires. Les participants du groupe 2 ont montré une plus grande variabilité dans les pratiques de biosécurité mises en œuvre. Unassigned: La biosécurité est mise en œuvre de manière variable dans les installations équines de l’Ontario, ce qui justifie la nécessité de déployer des efforts continus pour accroître son adoption dans les installations à haut risque. Les recommandations incluent la promotion de la collaboration, la fourniture d’un soutien et de ressources personnalisés et l’amélioration des canaux de communication. Unassigned: Les caractéristiques démographiques, la personnalité et d’autres caractéristiques liées au mode de vie influencent les comportements des propriétaires de chevaux en matière de biosécurité. Les vétérinaires équins pourraient avoir intérêt à prendre en compte ces facteurs pour garantir une communication et une mise en œuvre efficaces des plans de biosécurité dans les installations équines.(Traduit par D Serge Messier).
Publication Date: 2025-03-12 PubMed ID: 40070939PubMed Central: PMC11891796DOI: 10.1111/evj.14115Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

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Overview

  • This study investigated how horse owners in Ontario implement biosecurity practices and how this implementation relates to their demographic profiles and personality traits.
  • The research identified distinct personality profiles among horse owners that influence their biosecurity behaviors, highlighting areas for improved communication and targeted support to enhance disease prevention efforts.

Study Objectives and Design

  • The primary goal was to describe the extent of biosecurity practice implementation among Ontario horse owners.
  • The study examined whether factors such as demographic characteristics (age, gender, type of horse involvement) and personality traits affected biosecurity uptake.
  • A cross-sectional questionnaire was distributed using a convenience sample to collect comprehensive data.
  • Data collected included demographics, personality traits, risk understanding, and biosecurity practices on their facilities.
  • Hierarchical cluster analysis was employed to group participants based on shared personality traits.
  • Univariable associations were analyzed to relate these clusters back to biosecurity and demographic variables.

Participant Demographics

  • Total participants analyzed: 271 horse owners.
  • Predominantly female participants (86%).
  • Majority aged between 25 and 44 years old (57%).
  • Most were involved in leisure riding activities (64%).

Biosecurity Practices Reported

  • 59% reported having facility-level biosecurity plans in place.
  • Within these plans, 47% indicated vaccinations were mandatory.
  • Some common biosecurity measures were used less frequently:
    • Boot washing reported by only 31% of participants.
    • Hand disinfection practices were followed by 27% of participants.
  • This variability indicates inconsistencies in biosecurity adoption across facilities.

Personality-Based Participant Clusters

  • Cluster 1: Participants with high extraversion scores.
    • More actively involved in horse competitions.
    • Commonly sought information about biosecurity from other horse owners.
    • Regularly received disease outbreak updates from veterinarians.
  • Cluster 2: Participants with high neuroticism scores.
    • Displayed greater variability and inconsistency in implementing biosecurity practices.

Key Findings and Implications

  • Biosecurity implementation among Ontario equine facilities is inconsistent and variable.
  • High-risk facilities require focused efforts to improve biosecurity uptake.
  • Personality traits and demographics affect horse owners’ engagement with biosecurity practices.
  • Recommendations include:
    • Promoting collaboration between stakeholders in the equine community.
    • Providing tailored support and resources catering to different personality types and lifestyle factors.
    • Improving communication channels, particularly involving veterinarians as trusted sources of disease information.

Practical Applications for Veterinarians and Stakeholders

  • Equine veterinarians can enhance biosecurity plan effectiveness by considering horse owners’ personality and lifestyle characteristics.
  • Customized communication strategies may increase compliance and understanding of risk among diverse horse owner groups.
  • Building networks for information sharing among horse owners could particularly benefit those in the extraverted cluster.
  • Addressing variability found in more neurotic participants may require additional reassurance or risk clarification.

Summary

  • This study highlights that demographic and psychological factors influence how biosecurity measures are adopted by horse owners in Ontario.
  • There is no universal approach; instead, a nuanced, tailored strategy is necessary to foster better disease prevention practices across the equine community.
  • Ongoing efforts are crucial to reduce the risk of equine infectious diseases through improved biosecurity uptake.

Cite This Article

APA
Germann JA, O'Sullivan TL, Greer AL, Spence KL. (2025). Predictors and barriers for biosecurity uptake and risk understanding among Ontario horse owners. Can Vet J, 66(3), 288-297. https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.14115

Publication

ISSN: 0008-5286
NlmUniqueID: 0004653
Country: Canada
Language: English
Volume: 66
Issue: 3
Pages: 288-297

Researcher Affiliations

Germann, Juliet A
  • Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1.
O'Sullivan, Terri L
  • Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1.
Greer, Amy L
  • Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1.
Spence, Kelsey L
  • Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Ontario
  • Horses
  • Humans
  • Female
  • Male
  • Cross-Sectional Studies
  • Adult
  • Surveys and Questionnaires
  • Biosecurity
  • Horse Diseases / prevention & control
  • Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice
  • Ownership
  • Middle Aged
  • Animal Husbandry / methods

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