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Journal of veterinary internal medicine2014; 28(6); 1640-1652; doi: 10.1111/jvim.12451

Probiotic use in horses – what is the evidence for their clinical efficacy?

Abstract: The gastrointestinal microbiota is extremely important for human and animal health. Investigations into the composition of the microbiota and its therapeutic modification have received increasing interest in human and veterinary medicine. Probiotics are a way of modifying the microbiota and have been tested to prevent and treat diseases. Probiotics are proposed to exert their beneficial effects through various pathways. Production of antimicrobial compounds targeting intestinal pathogens, general immune stimulation, and colonization resistance are among these mechanisms. Despite widespread availability and use, scientific, peer-reviewed evidence behind commercial probiotic formulations in horses is limited. Additionally, quality control of commercial over-the-counter products is not tightly regulated. Although promising in vitro results have been achieved, in vivo health benefits have been more difficult to prove. Whether the ambiguous results are caused by strain selection, dosage selection or true lack of efficacy remains to be answered. Although these limitations exist, probiotics are increasingly used because of their lack of severe adverse effects, ease of administration, and low cost. This review summarizes the current evidence for probiotic use in equine medicine. It aims to provide veterinarians with evidence-based information on when and why probiotics are indicated for prevention or treatment of gastrointestinal disease in horses. The review also outlines the current state of knowledge on the equine microbiota and the potential of fecal microbial transplantation, as they relate to the topic of probiotics.
Copyright © 2014 by the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine.
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Publication Date: 2014-09-17 PubMed ID: 25231539PubMed Central: PMC4895607DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12451Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research article examines the use of probiotics in horses and analyzes the existing scientific evidence regarding their clinical effectiveness. Although probiotics are widely used due to their low cost and minimal side effects, the actual scientific support for their benefits in horses is limited and sometimes unclear.

Importance of Gut Microbiota

The research starts by acknowledging the vital role of gastrointestinal microbiota in both human and animal health. The microbiota aids in the digestive process, combats harmful microorganisms, and contributes positively towards the immune system. As such, any changes to it, such as the introduction of probiotics, can potentially have significant effects on health.

  • Spotlight is placed on the increasing number of research into the composition of microbiota and how it can be altered for therapeutic purposes.
  • The paper alludes to the idea that probiotics, which are live bacteria and yeasts, could be a possible way of modifying microbiota to improve health.

Potential Benefits of Probiotics

Here, the paper discusses the supposed benefits of probiotics and the mechanisms by which they are believed to exert their positive effects.

  • Probiotics are thought to produce substances that can fight off harmful pathogens in the intestines.
  • They are also considered to stimulate the immune system in general.
  • Furthermore, they are believed to inhibit harmful microorganisms from colonizing the gut, a mechanism known as colonization resistance.

Current Evidence for the Efficacy of Probiotics in Horses

The article admits that the scientific evidence backing the use of probiotics in horses is limited. Additionally, there is less stringent regulation over commercially available probiotics.

  • Promising results have been seen in vitro (under laboratory conditions), but consistent in vivo (in living organisms) results have been harder to obtain.
  • The review questions whether these discrepancies are due to the choice of bacterial strain for the probiotics, the chosen dosage, or the probiotics’ actual efficacy.
  • However, despite these uncertainties, probiotics are still commonly used due to other advantages such as being easy to administer, having minimal side effects, and being inexpensive.

Use of Probiotics in Equine Medicine

The review aims to equip veterinarians with an evidence-based understanding of when and why probiotics should be used for treating gastrointestinal diseases in horses. It examines the current state of knowledge on horses’ gut microbiota and explores the potential benefits of fecal microbial transplantation, another method of modifying gut microbiota.

Cite This Article

APA
Schoster A, Weese JS, Guardabassi L. (2014). Probiotic use in horses – what is the evidence for their clinical efficacy? J Vet Intern Med, 28(6), 1640-1652. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.12451

Publication

Journal of veterinary internal medicine
ISSN: 1939-1676
NlmUniqueID: 8708660
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 28
Issue: 6
Pages: 1640-1652

Researcher Affiliations

Schoster, A
  • Clinic for Equine Internal Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Weese, J S
    Guardabassi, L

      MeSH Terms

      • Animals
      • Gastrointestinal Tract / drug effects
      • Gastrointestinal Tract / microbiology
      • Horse Diseases / drug therapy
      • Horse Diseases / microbiology
      • Horse Diseases / prevention & control
      • Horses / microbiology
      • Microbiota / drug effects
      • Probiotics / therapeutic use

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