Protein microarray allergen profiling in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and serum of horses with asthma.
Abstract: The diagnostic value of allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) in horses with asthma is uncertain. A recently developed protein microarray detected abnormally high latex-specific IgE concentrations in the serum of horses with severe asthma. Objective: The main objective was to characterize the IgE profiles of asthmatic horses in Switzerland using a protein microarray platform in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). The secondary objective was to determine whether serological and BALF allergen-specific IgE concentrations correlated. Methods: Forty-four asthmatic and 39 control horses ≥5 years of age. Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study investigated the sensitization profiles of horses with asthma compared with environmentally matched healthy controls. Both serum and BALF were analyzed using the protein microarray. Partial least square-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was used to identify and rank the importance of the allergens for class detection (ie, asthma vs control), with a variable influence on the projection (VIP) >1 considered significant. Results: The allergens that best discriminated (VIP >1) asthmatic horses from controls were proteins derived from fungi (Aspergillus fumigatus), insects (Culicoides spp.), and latex (Hevea brasiliensis). The serological model predictive ability was markedly inferior (area under the curve [AUC] 0.585, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.454-0.747) to that of the BALF (AUC 0.751, 95% CI: 0.582-0.866). The two models shared nine allergens, of which eight showed significant weak to moderate correlations. Conclusions: The concentrations of several allergen-specific IgE were higher in asthmatic horses. The protein microarray performed better on BALF than serum for detection of asthma. Serological IgE concentrations do not closely correlate with BALF concentrations and should be interpreted with caution.
© 2022 The Authors. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine.
Publication Date: 2022-12-08 PubMed ID: 36479920PubMed Central: PMC9889601DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16600Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary
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The research project evaluates the use of protein microarrays in the diagnosis of asthma in horses. Specifically, it investigated the relationship of allergen-specific intensities of immunoglobulin E (IgE) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and serum samples, with the goal of identifying allergens that cause asthma in horses.
Research Methods
- The study included 44 horses with asthma and 39 control horses aged 5 years and older.
- The researchers analysed both serum and BALF of the animals using a protein microarray to diagnose their sensitization profiles.
- The Partial least square-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was used to identify and rank the allergens’ importance. This technique would help differentiate between asthmatic horses and healthy ones. A variable influence on the projection (VIP) more significant than 1 was considered significant.
Key Findings
- Proteins from fungi like Aspergillus fumigatus, insects like Culicoides spp., and Hevea brasiliensis (latex) were the allergens that best separated asthmatic horses from the control group.
- From the allergen detection models used in the study, the BALF model performed better than the serum model. The BALF model had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.751 while the serum model had an AUC of 0.585.
- Out of the nine allergens detected by the models, eight showed a weak to moderate correlation, meaning that a similar set of allergens was identified in both samples.
Conclusion
- The research concluded higher concentrations of several allergen-specific IgE in horses with asthma.
- Protein microarray showed better performance when used on BALF than serum when detecting asthma. Using the BALF model, the researchers were able to more accurately identify asthmatic horses.
- The results also recommended caution in interpreting the results of serological IgE concentrations as these do not correlate closely with BALF concentrations.
Cite This Article
APA
Wyler M, Sage SE, Marti E, White S, Gerber V.
(2022).
Protein microarray allergen profiling in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and serum of horses with asthma.
J Vet Intern Med, 37(1), 328-337.
https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.16600 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine (ISME), Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
- Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine (ISME), Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
- Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
- Department of Animal, Equine and Veterinary Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Nottinghamshire, UK.
- Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine (ISME), Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Horses
- Allergens
- Protein Array Analysis / veterinary
- Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid
- Prospective Studies
- Cross-Sectional Studies
- Latex
- Asthma / veterinary
- Immunoglobulin E
- Horse Diseases
Grant Funding
- 33-890 / Institut Suisse de Mu00e9decine u00c9quine
Conflict of Interest Statement
Authors declare no conflict of interest.
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