Quantitative motor unit action potential analysis of paraspinal muscles, diagnostic imaging and necropsy findings in 36 horses suspected of cervical impairment.
Abstract: Aims: To determine the relation between quantitative electromyography (QEMG) of the cervical ventral serratus muscle, radiographic findings and post-mortem gross and histopathological examination in order to calculate the ability of QEMG to localize the region of cervical compressive neuropathy and myelopathy in horses. Methods: In this clinical, non-randomised, partially blinded study (QEMG and histology), 36 warmblood horses with clinical suspicion of cervical spine disease were examined with QEMG in different segments of the ventral serratus muscle. Results were compared to normative data. Diagnostic imaging was performed in 28 cases. All horses were euthanized because of poor clinical prognoses and/or recurrent clinical neurological signs despite treatment and underwent necropsy with emphasis on the cervical nervous tissue and vertebrae. Clinical and diagnostic imaging findings, QEMG results and post mortem findings were compared with each other. Results: Overall mean values of duration (9.54 ms), polyphasia, number of phases (3.6) and size index (0.67) in horses with cervical lesions were significantly (P. Ziele: Mittels quantitativer Elektromyographie (QEMG) des M. serratus ventralis und dem Vergleich zu den radiologischen Befunden, makroskopischen und histopathologischen Untersuchungen, sollte versucht werden die Lokalisation der neurogenen Kompression im Nackenbereich von Pferden festzustellen. Methoden: In dieser klinischen, nicht randomisierten, teilweise verblindeten Studie (Histologie und QEMG) wurde bei 36 Warmblutpferde mit klinischem Verdacht auf eine Erkrankung der Halswirbelsäule mittels QEMG verschiedene Segmente des ventralen Serratusmuskels untersucht. Die Ergebnisse wurden mit den Referenzwerten verglichen. In 28 Fällen wurde eine diagnostische Bildgebung durchgeführt. Trotz Behandlung wurden alle Pferde aufgrund schlechter klinischer Prognosen und/oder wiederkehrender klinischer neurologischer Symptome eingeschläfert und einer Sektion mit Schwerpunkt auf die Nerven und Wirbeln der Halswirbelsäule unterzogen. Klinische und diagnostische Bildgebungsbefunde, QEMG-Ergebnisse und Pathologie-Befunde wurden miteinander verglichen. Ergebnisse: Die Mittelwerte für die Dauer (9.54 ms), Polyphasie, Anzahl der Phasen (3.6) und Größenindex (0,67) bei Pferden mit Läsionen der Halswirbelsäule waren signifikant (P. Objectifs: Déterminer la relation entre l›électromyographie quantitative (QEMG) du muscle serratus ventral cervical, les résultats radiographiques et les examens macroscopiques et histopathologiques post mortem afin de calculer la capacité de la QEMG à localiser la région de compression neurogène dans l’encolure des chevaux. Méthodes: Dans cette étude clinique, non randomisée, partiellement aveugle (histologie et QEMG), 36 chevaux de sang soupçonnés d’affection du rachis cervical ont été examinés par QEMG sur différents segments du muscle serratus ventral. Les résultats ont été comparés aux données de référence. L’imagerie diagnostique a été réalisée dans 28 cas. Tous les chevaux ont été euthanasiés en raison de mauvais pronostics cliniques et/ou de signes neurologiques cliniques récurrents malgré le traitement et ont subi une autopsie en mettant l’accent sur le tissu nerveux cervical et les vertèbres. Les résultats de l’imagerie clinique et diagnostique, les résultats de la QEMG et les résultats post mortem ont été comparés les uns aux autres. Résultats: Les valeurs moyennes globales de durée (9,54 ms), de polyphasie, de nombre de phases (3,6) et d’indice de taille (0,67) chez les chevaux présentant des lésions cervicales étaient significativement (P. Obiettivo: Determinare la relazione tra una elettromiografia quantitativa (QEMG) del muscolo serrato cervicale ventrale, i risultati radiografici e post mortem e l’esame istopatologico, per calcolare l’abilità del QEMG di localizzare la regione della neuropatia cervicale compressiva e della mielopatia nel collo dei cavalli. Metodi: In questo studio clinico, non randomizzato e parzialmente in ceco (istologico e QEMG) sono stati esaminati in 36 cavalli a sangue caldo, sospettati di essere affetti da una malattia delle vertebre cervicali, via QEMG i differenti segmenti del muscolo serrato ventrale. I risultati sono stati comparati ai dati di riferimento. La diagnostica per immagini è stata effettuata in 28 casi. Tutti i cavalli sono stati eutanasiati a causa della sfavorevole prognosi clinica e/o dei ricorrenti segni clinici neurologici ricorrenti nonostante il trattamento e sono stati sottoposti a necroscopia in particolare nel tessuto nervoso cervicale e nelle vertebre. I risultati clinici e della diagnostica per immagini, quelli del QEMG e quelli post mortem sono stati comparati tra loro. Risultati: I valori medi generali di durata (9.54 ms), polifasia, il numero di fasi (3.6) e l’indice della taglia (0.67) nei cavalli con lesioni cervicali erano significativamente superiori (P.
Publication Date: 2020-04-03 PubMed ID: 32234691DOI: 10.17236/sat00252Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
Summary
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The study investigates the correlation between quantitative electromyography of the neck muscles, radiographic findings, and post-mortem examinations in horses with suspected cervical spine disease. Horses with cervical lesions showed marked changes in certain electromyography parameters, which could potentially aid in diagnosis and treatment.
Methods and Sample
- The research was a non-randomised, partially blind clinical study, focusing on quantitative electromyography (QEMG) and histology.
- The sample consisted of 36 warmblood horses with clinical suspicion of cervical spine disease.
- The QEMG was performed on different segments of the serratus ventral muscle in the neck of these horses. The results of these electrical tests were then compared to normative data, meaning standard values expected in healthy horses.
- Of these horses, 28 underwent diagnostic imaging for further investigation.
Treatment and Autopsy
- All the studied horses were euthanized due to poor prognosis and/or recurrent neurological symptoms despite treatment attempts.
- After euthanasia, a necropsy was performed with emphasis on the cervical nervous tissue and vertebrae, meaning they specifically examined the horse’s neck vertebrae and surrounding nerve tissue to look for abnormalities.
- The researchers compared the clinical signs, imaging findings, and QEMG measurements with the post-mortem findings.
Results
- The research found that certain QEMG values (such as duration of the nerve impulse, polyphasia or the number of directions the impulse takes, number of phases or pattern of the impulse, and size index which depicts the amplitude of the impulse) were significantly different in horses with neck lesions as compared to normal values.
- These findings suggest that the changes in the QEMG parameters might be a potential tool for diagnosing and identifying the area of cervical neuropathy and myelopathy in horses.
Conclusion
- The study concluded that electromyography, in combination with radiography and post-mortem examinations, could provide a more accurate diagnosis of cervical lesions in horses.
Cite This Article
APA
Graubner C, Bergmann W, Gerber V, Veraa S, Oevermann A, Wijnberg I.
(2020).
Quantitative motor unit action potential analysis of paraspinal muscles, diagnostic imaging and necropsy findings in 36 horses suspected of cervical impairment.
Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd, 162(4), 213-221.
https://doi.org/10.17236/sat00252 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Institut Suisse de Médecine Equine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern and Agroscope, Switzerland.
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.
- Institut Suisse de Médecine Equine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern and Agroscope, Switzerland.
- Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.
- Division of Neurological Sciences, DCR-VPH, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Berne.
- Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.
MeSH Terms
- Action Potentials / physiology
- Animals
- Cervical Vertebrae / diagnostic imaging
- Cervical Vertebrae / pathology
- Euthanasia, Animal
- Horse Diseases / diagnostic imaging
- Horse Diseases / pathology
- Horses
- Paraspinal Muscles / diagnostic imaging
- Paraspinal Muscles / pathology
- Spinal Diseases / diagnostic imaging
- Spinal Diseases / pathology
- Spinal Diseases / veterinary
Citations
This article has been cited 1 times.- Dyson S, Zheng S, Aleman M. Primary phenotypic features associated with caudal neck pathology in warmblood horses. J Vet Intern Med 2024 Jul-Aug;38(4):2380-2390.
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