Rabies surveillance in the United States during 1999.
Abstract: During 1999, 49 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico reported 7,067 cases of rabies in nonhuman animals to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, a decrease of 11.2% from 7,961 cases in nonhuman animals and 1 case in a human being reported in 1998. More than 91% (6,466 cases) were in wild animals, whereas 8.5% (601 cases) were in domestic species (compared with 92.4% in wild animals and 7.6% in domestic species in 1998). No cases of rabies were reported in human beings in 1999. Decreases were evident in all major species groups, with the exception of cattle, sheep/goats, and swine. The relative contributions of the major groups to the total reported were as follows: raccoons (41.0%; 2,872 cases), skunks (29.4%; 2,076), bats (14.0%; 989), foxes (5.4%; 384), cats (3.9%; 278), cattle (1.9%; 135), and dogs (1.6%; 111). Reported cases (6) associated with the epizootic of rabies in raccoons in Ohio declined from the 26 cases reported in 1998. Fifteen of the 19 states where the raccoon variant of the rabies virus is enzootic reported fewer cases of rabies during 1999. Massachusetts and Rhode Island, states with enzootic rabies in raccoons, each reported more rabid skunks than rabid raccoons for the third consecutive year. In Texas, cases associated with the enzootic canine variants of the rabies virus remained low (10 cases), whereas cases associated with the gray fox variant of the virus increased (66). Cases of rabies in skunks decreased by 8.6%, compared with those reported in 1998. Michigan reported the largest percentage increase in rabid skunks (950.0%; 2 cases in 1998 to 21 in 1999). Cases of rabies in horses and mules declined 21%, from 82 cases in 1998 to 65 in 1999. Cases of rabies reported in bats (989) were similar in number to those reported in 1998 (992) and represented almost 14.0% of the total number of rabid animals reported during 1999. Reported cases of rabies in cats (278) and dogs (111) decreased by 1.4% and 1.8%, respectively, whereas cases in cattle (135) increased by 16.4%, compared with those reported in 1998.
Publication Date: 2001-01-02 PubMed ID: 11132881DOI: 10.2460/javma.2000.217.1799Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Animal Health
- Animal Science
- Diagnosis
- Disease control
- Disease Diagnosis
- Disease Etiology
- Disease Management
- Disease Outbreaks
- Disease Prevalence
- Disease Surveillance
- Domestic Animals
- Epidemiology
- Equine Health
- Horses
- Infectious Disease
- Public Health
- Rabies
- Veterinary Care
- Veterinary Medicine
- Veterinary Science
- Wildlife
Summary
This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.
The research study provides an analysis of rabies patterns in the United States illustrated through data from 1999. According to the study, the reported cases of rabies in non-human animals decreased from the previous year, yet concentration of rabies still remained higher in wild animals as compared to domestic species.
Detailed Rabies Surveillance Results
Species-specific Findings
Comparative Cases amongst Animals
Cite This Article
APA
Krebs JW, Rupprecht CE, Childs JE.
(2001).
Rabies surveillance in the United States during 1999.
J Am Vet Med Assoc, 217(12), 1799-1811.
https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.2000.217.1799 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Viral and Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Animals, Domestic
- Animals, Wild
- Canada / epidemiology
- Cat Diseases / epidemiology
- Cat Diseases / transmission
- Cat Diseases / virology
- Cats
- Cattle
- Cattle Diseases / epidemiology
- Cattle Diseases / transmission
- Cattle Diseases / virology
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S.
- Chiroptera / virology
- Dog Diseases / epidemiology
- Dog Diseases / transmission
- Dog Diseases / virology
- Dogs
- Foxes / virology
- Humans
- Mephitidae / virology
- Mexico / epidemiology
- Public Health / statistics & numerical data
- Rabies / epidemiology
- Rabies / transmission
- Raccoons / virology
- Seasons
- United States / epidemiology
Citations
This article has been cited 6 times.- Kumar B, Manuja A, Gulati BR, Virmani N, Tripathi BN. Zoonotic Viral Diseases of Equines and Their Impact on Human and Animal Health. Open Virol J 2018;12:80-98.
- Gnanadurai CW, Huang CT, Kumar D, Fu ZF. Novel Approaches to the Prevention and Treatment of Rabies. Int J Virol Stud Res 2015 Apr;3(1):8-16.
- Hayman DT, Bowen RA, Cryan PM, McCracken GF, O'Shea TJ, Peel AJ, Gilbert A, Webb CT, Wood JL. Ecology of zoonotic infectious diseases in bats: current knowledge and future directions. Zoonoses Public Health 2013 Feb;60(1):2-21.
- Lackay SN, Kuang Y, Fu ZF. Rabies in small animals. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2008 Jul;38(4):851-61, ix.
- Arguin PM, Murray-Lillibridge K, Miranda ME, Smith JS, Calaor AB, Rupprecht CE. Serologic evidence of Lyssavirus infections among bats, the Philippines. Emerg Infect Dis 2002 Mar;8(3):258-62.
- Finnegan CJ, Brookes SM, Johnson N, Smith J, Mansfield KL, Keene VL, McElhinney LM, Fooks AR. Rabies in North America and Europe. J R Soc Med 2002 Jan;95(1):9-13.
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