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Animals : an open access journal from MDPI2022; 12(24); 3508; doi: 10.3390/ani12243508

Reconstruction of the Major Maternal and Paternal Lineages in the Feral New Zealand Kaimanawa Horses.

Abstract: New Zealand has the fourth largest feral horse population in the world. The Kaimanawas (KHs) are feral horses descended from various domestic horse breeds released into the Kaimanawa ranges in the 19th and 20th centuries. Over time, the population size has fluctuated dramatically due to hunting, large-scale farming and forestry. Currently, the herd is managed by an annual round-up, limiting the number to 300 individuals to protect the native ecosystem. Here, we genotyped 96 KHs for uniparental markers (mitochondrial DNA, Y-chromosome) and assessed their genetic similarity with respect to other domestic horses. We show that at least six maternal and six paternal lineages contributed unequally to the KH gene pool, and today's KH population possibly represents two sub-populations. Our results indicate that three horse breeds, namely Welsh ponies, Thoroughbreds and Arabian horses had a major influence in the genetic-makeup of the extant KH population. We show that mitochondrial genetic diversity in KHs (π = 0.00687 ± 0.00355) is closer to that of the Sable Island horses (π = 0.0034 ± 0.00301), and less than other feral horse populations around the world. Our current findings, combined with ongoing genomic research, will provide insight into the population-specific genetic variation and inbreeding among KHs. This will largely advance equine research and improve the management of future breeding programs of these treasured New Zealand horse.
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Publication Date: 2022-12-12 PubMed ID: 36552427PubMed Central: PMC9774138DOI: 10.3390/ani12243508Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research paper analyses the genetic characteristics of the Kaimanawa horses in New Zealand, revealing a significant genetic influence from Welsh ponies, Thoroughbreds, and Arabian horses. Also, it suggests that there could be two sub-populations within this group of feral horses.

Relevance and Objectives of the Study

  • The research is important as New Zealand has the fourth largest feral horse population globally, with Kaimanawa horses (KH) being a prominent component.
  • The paper aims to understand the genetic lineages contributing to the KH population, an aspect that would provide insights into their management and breeding.

Population History and Current Status of KHs

  • Historically, various domestic horse breeds were let loose into the Kaimanawa ranges during the 19th and 20th centuries, forming the KH population.
  • The size of this feral horse population has seen significant fluctuations due to hunting, farming, and forestry activities.
  • Present efforts to protect native ecosystems have resulted in an annual round-up of these horses, maintaining their population at around 300.

Methodology and Findings

  • The researchers genotyped 96 Kaimanawa horses using markers from mitochondrial DNA and the Y-chromosome.
  • The genetic data was analyzed to assess similarity with other domestic horses and trace possible maternal and paternal lineages.
  • At least six maternal and six paternal lineages were found to have contributed to the KH gene pool, but unequally.
  • There is a possibility of two distinct sub-populations within the KH population.
  • Three horse breeds – the Welsh ponies, Thoroughbreds, and Arabian horses – appear to have significantly influenced the genetic makeup of the present-day KH population.

Genetic Diversity & Comparison with Other Feral Horses

  • The mitochondrial genetic diversity in KHs is found to be closer to that of the Sable Island horses and less than other feral horse populations worldwide.

Implications of the Research

  • The study’s findings, in conjunction with future genomic research, are expected to provide valuable insights into population-specific genetic variation and possible inbreeding within the KH population.
  • This would significantly aid in advancing equine research.
  • Moreover, it will contribute towards improving the management of breeding programs for these treasured New Zealand horses in the future.

Cite This Article

APA
Sharif MB, Fitak RR, Wallner B, Orozco-terWengel P, Frewin S, Fremaux M, Mohandesan E. (2022). Reconstruction of the Major Maternal and Paternal Lineages in the Feral New Zealand Kaimanawa Horses. Animals (Basel), 12(24), 3508. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12243508

Publication

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
ISSN: 2076-2615
NlmUniqueID: 101635614
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 12
Issue: 24
PII: 3508

Researcher Affiliations

Sharif, Muhammad Bilal
  • Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, A-1030 Vienna, Austria.
  • Human Evolution and Archaeological Sciences (HEAS), University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, A-1030 Vienna, Austria.
  • Vienna Doctoral School of Ecology and Evolution (VDSEE), University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, A-1030 Vienna, Austria.
Fitak, Robert Rodgers
  • Department of Biology, Genomics and Bioinformatics Cluster, University of Central Florida, 4110 Libra Dr, Orlando, FL 32816, USA.
Wallner, Barbara
  • Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Veterinary University of Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria.
Orozco-terWengel, Pablo
  • Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, The Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, Wales, UK.
Frewin, Simone
  • Feed2U Ltd., 19 Wairere Valley Road, Paparoa 0571, New Zealand.
Fremaux, Michelle
  • InfogeneNZ (EPAGSC), School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, 1 Drysdale Drive, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand.
Mohandesan, Elmira
  • Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, A-1030 Vienna, Austria.
  • Human Evolution and Archaeological Sciences (HEAS), University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, A-1030 Vienna, Austria.

Grant Funding

  • I3838-B29 / FWF Austrian Science Fund
  • 401205971 / Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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