Respiratory airflow patterns in ponies at rest and during exercise.
Abstract: The exercise-induced changes in the equine breathing pattern were studied by analyzing tidal breathing flow-volume loops recorded in ten ponies both at rest and during a standardized exercise. Airflow, tidal volume, esophageal pressure and mask pressure were simultaneously recorded before, during and after a treadmill exercise. From the collected data, respiratory frequency and total pulmonary resistance were calculated, tidal breathing flow-volume loops were retraced using a computerized method and loop indices were measured for each period of the experimental protocol. For each pony, results of three consecutive daily measurements were averaged. The exercise loop indices were compared with the corresponding resting values using a one-way analysis of variance. The significantly changed indices were correlated with respiratory frequency and total pulmonary resistance. Several types of respiratory patterns were observed at rest as well as during exercise, although each pony was relatively constant in its own pattern of breathing. Most resting inspiratory and expiratory airflow curves were found to be biphasic. When ponies started running, the airflow developed an increasingly rectangular pattern. During strenuous exercise, both inspiratory and expiratory airflow curves showed a substantial increase of the volume acceleration and tended to a plateau. The loop indices relating the expiratory to the inspiratory airflow were significantly increased compared with their rest values. Correlations of these indices with respiratory frequency and total pulmonary resistance were weak.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Publication Date: 1988-07-01 PubMed ID: 3167715PubMed Central: PMC1255452
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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This research investigated the changes in breathing patterns in ponies during rest and exercise. Ten ponies’ respiratory frequencies and total pulmonary resistances were measured before, during, and after treadmill exercise using a computerized method.
Methodology
- The study involved an analysis of airflow, tidal volume, esophageal pressure, and mask pressure readings obtained from ten ponies during different stages of exercise – before, during, and after exercising on a treadmill.
- The researchers collected several data points to understand the ponies’ respiratory frequency and total pulmonary resistance. This included the tracing of tidal breathing flow-volume loops using a computerized technique, and measurement of loop indices at each stage of the exercise protocol.
- The data collected over three consecutive days was averaged for each pony to ensure consistency in results.
Analysis
- The researchers compared the measurements taken during exercise with the rest phase measurements using a one-way analysis of variance, a statistical method used to compare means of different sets of data.
- The respiratory indices that showed significant changes were then correlated with respiratory frequency and total pulmonary resistance.
- It was observed that different types of respiratory patterns occurred at rest as well as during exercise. However, each pony showed consistency in its own breathing pattern.
Results
- Most resting inspiratory and expiratory airflow curves were found to be biphasic.
- With the initiation of exercise, the ponies showed an increasingly rectangular pattern in their airflow.
- During strenuous exercise, a significant increase in the volume acceleration was noticed in the airflow curves both on inspiration and expiration, with a tendency towards a plateau.
- There was a significant increase in the loop indices relating the expiratory to the inspiratory airflow compared to their resting values.
- However, the correlation of these indices with respiratory frequency and total pulmonary resistance was found to be weak.
The study provides valuable insights into the variations in respiratory patterns in ponies when transitioning from rest to exercise. Understanding these changes can help to better monitor and manage the health and performance of equine athletes.
Cite This Article
APA
Art T, Lekeux P.
(1988).
Respiratory airflow patterns in ponies at rest and during exercise.
Can J Vet Res, 52(3), 299-303.
Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Laboratory for Cardio-pulmonary Functional Investigation, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, Brussels, Belgium.
MeSH Terms
- Analysis of Variance
- Animals
- Horses / physiology
- Physical Exertion
- Pleura / physiology
- Pressure
- Pulmonary Ventilation
- Regression Analysis
- Tidal Volume
References
This article includes 17 references
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Citations
This article has been cited 6 times.- Kozłowska N, Wierzbicka M, Jasiński T, Domino M. Advances in the Diagnosis of Equine Respiratory Diseases: A Review of Novel Imaging and Functional Techniques. Animals (Basel) 2022 Feb 4;12(3).
- Burnheim K, Hughes KJ, Evans DL, Raidal SL. Reliability of breath by breath spirometry and relative flow-time indices for pulmonary function testing in horses. BMC Vet Res 2016 Nov 28;12(1):268.
- Guthrie AJ, Beadle RE, Bateman RD, White CE. The effects of three models of airway disease on tidal breathing flow-volume loops of thoroughbred horses. Vet Res Commun 1995;19(6):517-27.
- Guthrie AJ, Beadle RE, Bateman RD, White CE. Characterization of normal tidal breathing flow-volume loops for thoroughbred horses. Vet Res Commun 1995;19(4):331-42.
- Doucet MY, Vrins AA, Ford-Hutchinson AW. Histamine inhalation challenge in normal horses and in horses with small airway disease. Can J Vet Res 1991 Jul;55(3):285-93.
- Donaldson LL. A review of the pathophysiology of exercise-induced pulmonary haemorrhage in the equine athlete. Vet Res Commun 1991;15(3):211-26.
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