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Equine veterinary journal2026; doi: 10.1002/evj.70162

Review of articular cartilage repair techniques and their application in the horse.

Abstract: Articular cartilage lesions represent a significant career-limiting problem in athletic horses. A healthy articular cartilage surface is vital for optimal joint function, and defects can result in irreversible degenerative changes. Successful treatment of cartilage lesions remains a long-standing challenge for orthopaedic surgeons, prompting ongoing research into new surgical techniques for their management. This narrative review describes surgical procedures for the treatment of cartilage/osteochondral lesions, as well as the use of the horse as a highly translational preclinical model to humans, resulting in the advancement of repair techniques for both horses and humans alike. The review encompasses both traditional techniques such as debridement and microfracture, as well as newly developed techniques and cellular therapies such as osteochondral transplantation, cell transplantation, and biologic or synthetic scaffolds. The efficacy and limitations of these approaches, as well as recent advances in the development of new biomaterials, cellular therapies, and surgical implants that are shaping the future of cartilage repair, are discussed. While there is no existing treatment that can restore normal cartilage structure and function, newly developed treatments have shown an improved quality of repair tissue experimentally. However, the translation to improved patient outcomes lags behind.
© 2026 The Author(s). Equine Veterinary Journal published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of EVJ Ltd.
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Publication Date: 2026-04-28 PubMed ID: 42050367DOI: 10.1002/evj.70162Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

Articular cartilage lesions in horses pose a serious problem for athletic performance and joint health. This review summarizes current and emerging surgical repair techniques, highlights the use of horses as a model for human cartilage repair, and discusses the advancements and challenges in developing effective treatments.

Introduction to Articular Cartilage Problems in Horses

  • Articular cartilage lesions significantly impact the performance and career longevity of athletic horses.
  • A healthy cartilage surface is critical for proper joint function and mobility.
  • Cartilage defects can lead to degenerative joint disease if untreated.
  • Treatment is challenging because cartilage has limited self-healing capability.

Surgical Repair Techniques for Cartilage Lesions

  • Traditional Techniques:
    • Debridement: removal of damaged tissue to promote healing.
    • Microfracture: creating small holes in the subchondral bone to stimulate cartilage repair through blood and marrow elements.
  • Contemporary and Emerging Techniques:
    • Osteochondral Transplantation: transferring cartilage and bone plugs to defect areas.
    • Cellular Therapies: transplantation of cultured cells like chondrocytes or stem cells to enhance repair.
    • Biologic and Synthetic Scaffolds: using engineered materials to support new cartilage growth and organization.

The Horse as a Translational Preclinical Model

  • Horses share similar joint size, cartilage thickness, and biomechanical properties with humans.
  • Equine cartilage repair studies provide valuable data applicable to human treatments.
  • Research on horses has driven progress in both veterinary and human orthopaedic surgeries.

Advances and Limitations in Cartilage Repair

  • New biomaterials, cellular therapies, and surgical implants are improving the quality of repair tissue experimentally.
  • No current treatment fully restores normal cartilage structure and function.
  • Many experimental successes have not yet translated into better clinical outcomes for patients.
  • Challenges remain in replicating the complex architecture and durability of native cartilage over time.

Summary

  • Articular cartilage lesions remain a critical challenge in equine orthopaedics with parallels in human medicine.
  • This review highlights the spectrum of repair strategies, from classical techniques to cutting-edge cellular and biomaterial approaches.
  • The horse model plays a key role in testing and refining these therapies before human application.
  • Future directions focus on improving the integration and durability of repair tissue to enhance long-term outcomes.

Cite This Article

APA
Barton CK, Nelson BB, Goodrich LR. (2026). Review of articular cartilage repair techniques and their application in the horse. Equine Vet J. https://doi.org/10.1002/evj.70162

Publication

Equine veterinary journal
ISSN: 2042-3306
NlmUniqueID: 0173320
Country: United States
Language: English

Researcher Affiliations

Barton, Charlotte K
  • Orthopaedic Research Center, Translational Medicine Institute, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.
Nelson, Brad B
  • Orthopaedic Research Center, Translational Medicine Institute, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.
Goodrich, Laurie R
  • Orthopaedic Research Center, Translational Medicine Institute, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.

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