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Home / Equine Research Bank / J Vet Intern Med / Review of equine piroplasmosis.
Journal of veterinary internal medicine2013; 27(6); 1334-1346; doi: 10.1111/jvim.12168

Review of equine piroplasmosis.

Abstract: Equine piroplasmosis is caused by one of 2 erythrocytic parasites Babesia caballi or Theileria equi. Although the genus of the latter remains controversial, the most recent designation, Theileria, is utilized in this review. Shared pathogenesis includes tick-borne transmission and erythrolysis leading to anemia as the primary clinical outcome. Although both parasites are able to persist indefinitely in their equid hosts, thus far, only B. caballi transmits across tick generations. Pathogenesis further diverges after transmission to equids in that B. caballi immediately infects erythrocytes, whereas T.equi infects peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The recent re-emergence of T.equi in the United States has increased awareness of these tick-borne pathogens, especially in terms of diagnosis and control. This review focuses in part on factors leading to the re-emergence of infection and disease of these globally important pathogens.
Published 2013. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the U.S.A.
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Publication Date: 2013-08-28 PubMed ID: 24033559DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12168Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

Equine piroplasmosis is a tick-borne disease caused by either Babesia caballi or Theileria equi parasites which affects horses. This study is focused on understanding the different characteristics of these parasites, how they are transmitted, their effects on the horses, and factors that have contributed to their resurgence.

Overview

In this research, the scientists are studying piroplasmosis, which is a disease that affects horses and is caused by either Babesia caballi or Theileria equi parasites. This disease is transmitted through ticks and leads to anemia in horses.

Causative Organisms

  • Equine piroplasmosis is caused by two types of erythrocytic (red blood cell) parasites— Babesia caballi or Theileria equi.
  • The genus of Theileria equi is still a subject of debate among scientists, but in the context of this review, the most recent designation, Theileria, is used.

Pathogenesis and Transmission

  • Both parasites share a similar route of transmission, which is through ticks, and a common primary clinical outcome, which is anemia because of erythrolysis (destruction or dissolution of red blood cells).
  • The two parasites can persist indefinitely in their host, which are horses or other equids. However, only Babesia caballi is known to transmit across successive generations of ticks.
  • Post transmission, the parasites show diverging behavior. Babesia caballi starts infecting erythrocytes immediately, whereas Theileria equi first infects peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

Re-Emergence of Disease

  • Theileria equi has seen a recent re-emergence in the United States, which has put a spotlight on these tick-borne pathogens, particularly with respect to their diagnosis and control.
  • Part of this review focuses on analyzing the factors that might have led to the re-emergence of these infectious diseases.
  • It underscores the global relevance and importance of these pathogens, given the significant role horses play in many economies and societies.

Cite This Article

APA
Wise LN, Kappmeyer LS, Mealey RH, Knowles DP. (2013). Review of equine piroplasmosis. J Vet Intern Med, 27(6), 1334-1346. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.12168

Publication

Journal of veterinary internal medicine
ISSN: 1939-1676
NlmUniqueID: 8708660
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 27
Issue: 6
Pages: 1334-1346

Researcher Affiliations

Wise, L N
  • Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA; Animal Disease Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Pullman, WA.
Kappmeyer, L S
    Mealey, R H
      Knowles, D P

        MeSH Terms

        • Animals
        • Babesia / growth & development
        • Babesiosis / blood
        • Babesiosis / epidemiology
        • Babesiosis / parasitology
        • Babesiosis / transmission
        • Babesiosis / veterinary
        • Horse Diseases / blood
        • Horse Diseases / epidemiology
        • Horse Diseases / parasitology
        • Horse Diseases / transmission
        • Horses
        • Prevalence
        • Theileria / growth & development
        • Theileriasis / blood
        • Theileriasis / epidemiology
        • Theileriasis / parasitology
        • Theileriasis / transmission
        • Ticks / parasitology
        • United States / epidemiology

        Citations

        This article has been cited 67 times.
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