Rewilded horses in European nature conservation – a genetics, ethics, and welfare perspective.
Abstract: In recent decades, the integration of horses (Equus ferus) in European rewilding initiatives has gained widespread popularity due to their potential for regulating vegetation and restoring natural ecosystems. However, employing horses in conservation efforts presents important challenges, which we here explore and discuss. These challenges encompass the lack of consensus on key terms inherent to conservation and rewilding, the entrenched culture and strong emotions associated with horses, low genetic diversity and high susceptibility to hereditary diseases in animals under human selection, as well as insufficient consideration for the social behaviour of horses in wild-living populations. In addition, management of wild-living horses involves intricate welfare, ethics and legislative dimensions. Anthropocentric population-control initiatives may be detrimental to horse group structures since they tend to prioritise individual welfare over the health of populations and ecosystems. To overcome these challenges, we provide comprehensive recommendations. These involve a systematic acquisition of genetic information, a focus on genetic diversity rather than breed purity and minimal veterinary intervention in wild-living populations. Further, we advise allowing for natural top-down and bottom-up control - or, if impossible, simulating this by culling or non-lethal removal of horses - instead of using fertility control for population management. We advocate for intensified collaboration between conservation biologists and practitioners and enhanced communication with the general public. Decision-making should be informed by a thorough understanding of the genetic makeup, common health issues and dynamics, and social behaviour in wild-living horse populations. Such a holistic approach is essential to reconcile human emotions associated with horses with the implementation of conservation practices that are not only effective but also sustainable for the long-term viability of functional, biodiverse ecosystems, while rehabilitating the horse as a widespread wild-living species in Europe.
© 2024 The Author(s). Biological Reviews published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Cambridge Philosophical Society.
Publication Date: 2024-09-15 PubMed ID: 39279124DOI: 10.1111/brv.13146Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary
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The research explores the complexities and challenges of using horses (Equus ferus) in the conservation and rewilding efforts in Europe. Key concerns include defining important terms, dealing with public emotions towards horses, considering genetic diversity and hereditary disease risks, and managing the social behavior of wild horses. The paper also examines ethical, welfare and legislative issues related to managing the horses, and offers recommendations for better handling these challenges.
Introduction and Background:
- The researchers note an increasing popularity in the integration of horses in European rewilding initiatives due to their potential contributions in vegetation control and restoration of natural ecosystems.
- However, this practice comes with significant challenges, which range from a lack of consensus on key definitions in conservation and rewilding to the complex social behavior of wild living horse populations.
The Challenges of Rewilding Horses:
- The deep-rooted cultural significance and the emotion that horses elicit in people is identified as a challenge, perhaps causing biases or hindering objective decision-making in conservation practices.
- There is concern about the low genetic diversity of horses involved in conservation efforts and a high susceptibility to hereditary diseases stemming from human-controlled breeding.
- The authors point out that consideration is often not given to the social behavior of wild-living horse populations.
- There are potential ethical, welfare, and legislative complications involved in the management of wild-living horses. As such, overemphasis on the welfare of individual horses over the health of entire populations might do more harm than good.
Recommended Approaches:
- To address these challenges, the researchers suggest systematic acquisition of genetic information to focus on genetic diversity rather than breed purity. They also spice minimal veterinary intervention in wild-living populations to allow them to adapt naturally to their environment.
- For population management, the authors advise implementing natural top-down and bottom-up control mechanisms, or simulating these by culling or non-lethal removal of horses, instead of controlling reproduction.
- Moreover, the paper emphasizes the importance of intensified collaboration between conservation biologists and practitioners as well as improved communication with the general public. They believe this will help in decision-making related to horse populations, informed by understanding the genetic makeup, health issues, and social behavior of the wild-living populations.
Conclusion:
- The paper underscores the importance of a holistic approach to horse conservation. It aims to reconcile human affection for horses with effective, long-term, and sustainable conservation practices.
- By advocating for strategies that focus on overall genetic diversity and the health of entire populations rather than individual animals, the researchers pave the way for the rational management of horse populations in Europe’s rewilding projects.
Cite This Article
APA
(2024).
Rewilded horses in European nature conservation – a genetics, ethics, and welfare perspective.
Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc.
https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.13146 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
Grant Funding
- DNRF173 / Danish National Research Foundation
- 16549 / Villum Fonden
- 0135-00225B / Independent Research Fund Denmark
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