FREE SHIPPING over $40
OVER 9000 FIVE-STAR REVIEWS
5% OFF ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS
100% HAPPINESS GUARANTEE
Analyze Diet
0
Home / Equine Research Bank / Pathogens / Rhodococcus equi-Occurrence in Goats and Clinical Case Repor...
Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)2021; 10(9); 1141; doi: 10.3390/pathogens10091141

Rhodococcus equi-Occurrence in Goats and Clinical Case Report.

Abstract: infection is commonly known in equine medicine to cause frequently fatal rhodococcosis. Infections in other species and people are also reported. Clinical manifestation in goats is relatively similar to horses and humans, but data regarding bacterium prevalence are scarce. Thus, the study aimed to estimate the occurrence of in goats. Methods: During post mortem examination, submandibular, mediastinal, and mesenteric lymph nodes were collected. Standard methods were used for bacteria isolation and identification. Results: A total of 134 goats were examined, and 272 lymph node samples were collected. was isolated from four animals. All four isolates carried the gene, and one also had and pVAPN plasmid genes. Conclusions: To the authors' best knowledge, this is the first report of occurrence and genetic diversity in goats. The results may help create a model for treating rhodococcosis in other animal species and assessing the role of meat contamination as a potential source of human infection. This research should be considered a pilot study for further application of the goat as a model of infection in horses and humans.
Get Full Text
Publication Date: 2021-09-04 PubMed ID: 34578172PubMed Central: PMC8472617DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10091141Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
LinkedInCopy
  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article investigates the presence of Rhodococcus equi, a bacterium that causes the lethal illness rhodococcosis, in goats. The researchers carried out autopsies on 134 goats, analyzing their lymph nodes for signs of the bacteria. Their findings not only highlight that this bacterium can infect goats, but also provide useful insights for potentially treating rhodococcosis in other animals as well as humans.

Research Methodology

  • The study was aimed at estimating the occurrence of Rhodococcus equi in goats as the data relating to its prevalence in goats were sparse.
  • As part of the research, 134 goats were examined post-mortem, and their submandibular, mediastinal, and mesenteric lymph nodes were collected.
  • Standard methods were used for bacteria isolation and identification using these lymph node samples.

Research Findings

  • A total of 272 lymph node samples were collected from these 134 goats.
  • Rhodococcus equi was isolated from four of these animals, indicating its presence in goats.
  • All the isolated strains of the bacteria showed the presence of the vapA gene. In addition, one of them also had the traA and pVAPN plasmid genes.

Conclusions and Future Applications

  • As per the authors’ knowledge, this research shows the first evidence of Rhodococcus equi occurrence and its genetic diversity in goats.
  • These findings may be pivotal in formulating a model for treating rhodococcosis in other animal species.
  • Further, it helps in assessing the meat contamination role as a potential source of Rhodococcus equi infection in humans, thereby finding potential solutions for such public health concern.
  • The authors suggest considering the research as a baseline study for future application of the goat as a model of Rhodococcus equi infection in horses and humans.

Cite This Article

APA
Żychska M, Witkowski L, Klementowska A, Rzewuska M, Kwiecień E, Stefańska I, Czopowicz M, Szaluś-Jordanow O, Mickiewicz M, Moroz A, Bonecka J, Kaba J. (2021). Rhodococcus equi-Occurrence in Goats and Clinical Case Report. Pathogens, 10(9), 1141. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10091141

Publication

Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)
ISSN: 2076-0817
NlmUniqueID: 101596317
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 10
Issue: 9
PII: 1141

Researcher Affiliations

Żychska, Monika
  • Division of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
Witkowski, Lucjan
  • Division of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
Klementowska, Agnieszka
  • Division of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
Rzewuska, Magdalena
  • Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland.
Kwiecień, Ewelina
  • Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland.
Stefańska, Ilona
  • Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland.
Czopowicz, Michał
  • Division of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
Szaluś-Jordanow, Olga
  • Department of Small Animal Diseases with Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
Mickiewicz, Marcin
  • Division of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
Moroz, Agata
  • Division of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
Bonecka, Joanna
  • Department of Small Animal Diseases with Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
Kaba, Jarosław
  • Division of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.

Grant Funding

  • 9506/E-385/R/2018 / Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Poland

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

References

This article includes 68 references
  1. Giguère S, Cohen ND, Chaffin MK, Hines SA, Hondalus MK, Prescott JF, Slovis NM. Rhodococcus equi: clinical manifestations, virulence, and immunity.. J Vet Intern Med 2011 Nov-Dec;25(6):1221-30.
    doi: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2011.00804.xpubmed: 22092609google scholar: lookup
  2. Witkowski L. Treatment and prevention of Rhodococcus equi in foals.. Vet Rec 2019 Jul 6;185(1):16-18.
    doi: 10.1136/vr.l4505pubmed: 31273138google scholar: lookup
  3. Rakowska A, Cywinska A, Witkowski L. Current Trends in Understanding and Managing Equine Rhodococcosis.. Animals (Basel) 2020 Oct 18;10(10).
    doi: 10.3390/ani10101910pmc: PMC7603097pubmed: 33081047google scholar: lookup
  4. Cohen ND. Rhodococcus equi foal pneumonia.. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2014 Dec;30(3):609-22.
    doi: 10.1016/j.cveq.2014.08.010pubmed: 25282322google scholar: lookup
  5. Muscatello G. Rhodococcus equi pneumonia in the foal--part 2: diagnostics, treatment and disease management.. Vet J 2012 Apr;192(1):27-33.
    doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2011.08.009pubmed: 22036870google scholar: lookup
  6. Witkowski L, Rzewuska M, Takai S, Chrobak-Chmiel D, Kizerwetter-Świda M, Feret M, Gawryś M, Witkowski M, Kita J. Molecular characterization of Rhodococcus equi isolates from horses in Poland: pVapA characteristics and plasmid new variant, 85-kb type V.. BMC Vet Res 2017 Jan 26;13(1):35.
    doi: 10.1186/s12917-017-0954-2pmc: PMC5267371pubmed: 28122544google scholar: lookup
  7. Vázquez-Boland JA, Giguère S, Hapeshi A, MacArthur I, Anastasi E, Valero-Rello A. Rhodococcus equi: the many facets of a pathogenic actinomycete.. Vet Microbiol 2013 Nov 29;167(1-2):9-33.
    doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.06.016pubmed: 23993705google scholar: lookup
  8. Yamshchikov AV, Schuetz A, Lyon GM. Rhodococcus equi infection.. Lancet Infect Dis 2010 May;10(5):350-9.
    doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(10)70068-2pubmed: 20417417google scholar: lookup
  9. Bryan LK, Clark SD, Díaz-Delgado J, Lawhon SD, Edwards JF. Rhodococcus equi Infections in Dogs.. Vet Pathol 2017 Jan;54(1):159-163.
    doi: 10.1177/0300985816650244pubmed: 27312368google scholar: lookup
  10. Kinne J, Madarame H, Takai S, Jose S, Wernery U. Disseminated Rhodococcus equi infection in dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius).. Vet Microbiol 2011 Apr 21;149(1-2):269-72.
    doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2010.09.037pubmed: 21035967google scholar: lookup
  11. Lechinski de Paula C, Silveira Silva RO, Tavanelli Hernandes R, de Nardi Júnior G, Babboni SD, Trevizan Guerra S, Paganini Listoni FJ, Giuffrida R, Takai S, Sasaki Y, Garcia Ribeiro M. First Microbiological and Molecular Identification of Rhodococcus equi in Feces of Nondiarrheic Cats.. Biomed Res Int 2019;2019:4278598.
    doi: 10.1155/2019/4278598pmc: PMC6652081pubmed: 31380423google scholar: lookup
  12. Löhr CV, O'Neill TW, Daw DN, Pitel MO, Schlipf JW. Pyogranulomatous enteritis and mesenteric lymphadenitis in an adult llama caused by Rhodococcus equi carrying virulence-associated protein A gene.. J Vet Diagn Invest 2019 Sep;31(5):747-751.
    doi: 10.1177/1040638719862834pmc: PMC6727108pubmed: 31272304google scholar: lookup
  13. Nakagawa R, Moki H, Hayashi K, Ooniwa K, Tokuyama K, Kakuda T, Yoshioka K, Takai S. A case report on disseminated Rhodococcus equi infection in a Japanese black heifer.. J Vet Med Sci 2018 May 18;80(5):819-822.
    doi: 10.1292/jvms.18-0064pmc: PMC5989029pubmed: 29593168google scholar: lookup
  14. Selim SA, Mousa WM, Mohamed KF, Moussa IM. Synergistic haemolytic activity and its correlation to phospholipase D productivity by Corynebacteruim pseudotuberculosis Egyptian isolates from sheep and buffaloes.. Braz J Microbiol 2012 Apr;43(2):552-9.
    doi: 10.1590/S1517-83822012000200016pmc: PMC3768846pubmed: 24031863google scholar: lookup
  15. Stranahan LW, Plumlee QD, Lawhon SD, Cohen ND, Bryan LK. Rhodococcus equi Infections in Goats: Characterization of Virulence Plasmids.. Vet Pathol 2018 Mar;55(2):273-276.
    doi: 10.1177/0300985817747327pubmed: 29254455google scholar: lookup
  16. Witkowski L, Rzewuska M, Takai S, Kizerwetter-Świda M, Kita J. Molecular epidemiology of Rhodococcus equi in slaughtered swine, cattle and horses in Poland.. BMC Microbiol 2016 May 27;16:98.
    doi: 10.1186/s12866-016-0712-9pmc: PMC4882809pubmed: 27234339google scholar: lookup
  17. Haanen GAY, Lim CK, Baird AN, Sola MF, Lenz SD. Disseminated Rhodococcus equi in an Anglo-Nubian goat.. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2020 May;61(3):E22-E25.
    doi: 10.1111/vru.12638pubmed: 29873150google scholar: lookup
  18. Schlemmer SN, Fratzke AP, Gibbons P, Porter BF, Mansell J, Ploeg RJ, Rodrigues Hoffmann A, Older CE, Clark SD. Histoplasmosis and multicentric lymphoma in a Nubian goat.. J Vet Diagn Invest 2019 Sep;31(5):770-773.
    doi: 10.1177/1040638719868810pmc: PMC6727113pubmed: 31378198google scholar: lookup
  19. de Morais ABC, Bolaños CAD, Alves AC, Ikuta CY, Lara GHB, Heinemann MB, Giuffrida R, Listoni FP, de Souza Ribeiro Mioni M, Motta RG, Takai S, Ribeiro MG. Identification of Mycobacterium species and Rhodococcus equi in peccary lymph nodes.. Trop Anim Health Prod 2018 Aug;50(6):1319-1326.
    doi: 10.1007/s11250-018-1562-2pubmed: 29546549google scholar: lookup
  20. Saied AA, Bryan LK, Bolin DC. Ulcerative, granulomatous glossitis and enteritis caused by Rhodococcus equi in a heifer.. J Vet Diagn Invest 2019 Sep;31(5):783-787.
    doi: 10.1177/1040638719867120pmc: PMC6727123pubmed: 31347467google scholar: lookup
  21. Carrigan MJ, Links IJ, Morton AG. Rhodococcus equi infection in goats.. Aust Vet J 1988 Oct;65(10):331-2.
    doi: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.1988.tb14522.xpubmed: 3196255google scholar: lookup
  22. Rodriguez JL, Acosta B, Navarro R, Gutierrez C. Rhodococcus equi infection in goat: Apropos of two cases.. J. Appl. Anim. Res. 2000;18:149–151.
    doi: 10.1080/09712119.2000.9706336google scholar: lookup
  23. Suzuki Y, Takahashi K, Takase F, Sawada N, Nakao S, Toda A, Sasaki Y, Kakuda T, Takai S. Serological epidemiological surveillance for vapN-harboring Rhodococcus equi infection in goats.. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2020 Dec;73:101540.
    doi: 10.1016/j.cimid.2020.101540pubmed: 32911379google scholar: lookup
  24. Jeckel S, Holmes P, King S, Whatmore AM, Kirkwood I. Disseminated Rhodococcus equi infection in goats in the UK.. Vet Rec 2011 Jul 9;169(2):56.
    doi: 10.1136/vr.d4267pubmed: 21742701google scholar: lookup
  25. Kabongo PN, Njiro SM, Van Strijp MF, Putterill JF. Caprine vertebral osteomyelitis caused by Rhodococcus equi.. J S Afr Vet Assoc 2005 Sep;76(3):163-4.
    doi: 10.4102/jsava.v76i3.419pubmed: 16300185google scholar: lookup
  26. Davis WP, Steficek BA, Watson GL, Yamini B, Madarame H, Takai S, Render JA. Disseminated Rhodococcus equi infection in two goats.. Vet Pathol 1999 Jul;36(4):336-9.
    doi: 10.1354/vp.36-4-336pubmed: 10421101google scholar: lookup
  27. Tkachuk-Saad O, Lusis P, Welsh RD, Prescott JF. Rhodococcus equi infections in goats.. Vet Rec 1998 Sep 12;143(11):311-2.
    doi: 10.1136/vr.143.11.311pubmed: 9789351google scholar: lookup
  28. Fitzgerald SD, Walker RD, Parlor KW. Fatal Rhodococcus equi infection in an Angora goat.. J Vet Diagn Invest 1994 Jan;6(1):105-7.
    doi: 10.1177/104063879400600121pubmed: 8011764google scholar: lookup
  29. Ojo MO, Njoku CO, Freitas J, Nurse L, Romain H. Isolation of Rhodococcus equi from the liver abscess of a goat in Trinidad.. Can Vet J 1993 Aug;34(8):504.
    pmc: PMC1686402pubmed: 17424274
  30. Aslam MW, Lau SF, Chin CSL, Ahmad NI, Rahman NA, Kuppusamy K, Omar S, Radzi R. Clinicopathological and radiographic features in 40 cats diagnosed with pulmonary and cutaneous Rhodococcus equi infection (2012-2018).. J Feline Med Surg 2020 Aug;22(8):774-790.
    doi: 10.1177/1098612X19886395pmc: PMC7206563pubmed: 32400257google scholar: lookup
  31. Portilho FVR, Paes AC, Megid J, Hataka A, Neto RT, Headley SA, Oliveira TES, Colhado BS, de Paula CL, Guerra ST, Mota AR, Listoni FJP, Takai S, Ribeiro MG. Rhodococcus equi pVAPN type causing pneumonia in a dog coinfected with canine morbillivirus (distemper virus) and Toxoplasma gondii.. Microb Pathog 2019 Apr;129:112-117.
    doi: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.01.048pubmed: 30738176google scholar: lookup
  32. Álvarez-Narváez S, Giguère S, Cohen N, Slovis N, Vázquez-Boland JA. Spread of Multidrug-Resistant Rhodococcus equi, United States.. Emerg Infect Dis 2021 Feb;27(2):529-537.
    doi: 10.3201/eid2702.203030pmc: PMC7853588pubmed: 33496218google scholar: lookup
  33. Álvarez-Narváez S, Huber L, Giguère S, Hart KA, Berghaus RD, Sanchez S, Cohen ND. Epidemiology and Molecular Basis of Multidrug Resistance in Rhodococcus equi.. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2021 May 19;85(2).
    doi: 10.1128/MMBR.00011-21pmc: PMC8139527pubmed: 33853933google scholar: lookup
  34. Cisek AA, Rzewuska M, Witkowski L, Binek M. Antimicrobial resistance in Rhodococcus equi.. Acta Biochim Pol 2014;61(4):633-8.
    doi: 10.18388/abp.2014_1824pubmed: 25371917google scholar: lookup
  35. Erol E, Locke S, Saied A, Cruz Penn MJ, Smith J, Fortner J, Carter C. Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Rhodococcus equi from necropsied foals with rhodococcosis.. Vet Microbiol 2020 Mar;242:108568.
    doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.108568pubmed: 32122582google scholar: lookup
  36. Witkowski L, Rzewuska M, Cisek AA, Chrobak-Chmiel D, Kizerwetter-Świda M, Czopowicz M, Welz M, Kita J. Prevalence and genetic diversity of Rhodococcus equi in wild boars (Sus scrofa), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and red deer (Cervus elaphus) in Poland.. BMC Microbiol 2015 May 22;15:110.
    doi: 10.1186/s12866-015-0445-1pmc: PMC4440313pubmed: 25997952google scholar: lookup
  37. Golub B, Falk G, Spink WW. Lung abscess due to Corynebacterium equi. Report of first human infection.. Ann Intern Med 1967 Jun;66(6):1174-7.
    doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-66-6-1174pubmed: 6067513google scholar: lookup
  38. Gundelly P, Suzuki Y, Ribes JA, Thornton A. Differences in Rhodococcus equi Infections Based on Immune Status and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Clinical Isolates in a Case Series of 12 Patients and Cases in the Literature.. Biomed Res Int 2016;2016:2737295.
    doi: 10.1155/2016/2737295pmc: PMC5007318pubmed: 27631004google scholar: lookup
  39. Marrie TJ. [Community acquired pneumonia].. Praxis (Bern 1994) 2001 May 23;90(21):935-40.
    pubmed: 11512537
  40. Topino S, Galati V, Grilli E, Petrosillo N. Rhodococcus equi infection in HIV-infected individuals: case reports and review of the literature.. AIDS Patient Care STDS 2010 Apr;24(4):211-22.
    doi: 10.1089/apc.2009.0248pubmed: 20377432google scholar: lookup
  41. Lin WV, Kruse RL, Yang K, Musher DM. Diagnosis and management of pulmonary infection due to Rhodococcus equi.. Clin Microbiol Infect 2019 Mar;25(3):310-315.
    doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2018.04.033pubmed: 29777923google scholar: lookup
  42. Gray KJ, French N, Lugada E, Watera C, Gilks CF. Rhodococcus equi and HIV-1 infection in Uganda.. J Infect 2000 Nov;41(3):227-31.
    doi: 10.1053/jinf.2000.0730pubmed: 11120609google scholar: lookup
  43. Gundelly P, Thornton A, Greenberg RN, McCormick M, Myint T. Rhodococcus equi pericarditis in a patient living with HIV/AIDS.. J Int Assoc Provid AIDS Care 2014 Jul-Aug;13(4):309-12.
    doi: 10.1177/2325957414520979pubmed: 24482103google scholar: lookup
  44. Mikić D, Djordjević Z, Sekulović L, Kojić M, Tomanović B. Disseminated Rhodococcus equi infection in a patient with Hodgkin lymphoma.. Vojnosanit Pregl 2014 Mar;71(3):317-24.
    doi: 10.2298/VSP121218035Mpubmed: 24697022google scholar: lookup
  45. Nath SR, Mathew AP, Mohan A, Anila KR. Rhodococcus equi granulomatous mastitis in an immunocompetent patient.. J Med Microbiol 2013 Aug;62(Pt 8):1253-1255.
    doi: 10.1099/jmm.0.054346-0pubmed: 23699061google scholar: lookup
  46. Takai S, Sawada N, Nakayama Y, Ishizuka S, Nakagawa R, Kawashima G, Sangkanjanavanich N, Sasaki Y, Kakuda T, Suzuki Y. Reinvestigation of the virulence of Rhodococcus equi isolates from patients with and without AIDS.. Lett Appl Microbiol 2020 Dec;71(6):679-683.
    doi: 10.1111/lam.13386pubmed: 32920889google scholar: lookup
  47. Lara GH, Takai S, Sasaki Y, Kakuda T, Listoni FJ, Risseti RM, de Morais AB, Ribeiro MG. VapB type 8 plasmids in Rhodococcus equi isolated from the small intestine of pigs and comparison of selective culture media.. Lett Appl Microbiol 2015 Sep;61(3):306-10.
    doi: 10.1111/lam.12458pubmed: 26103784google scholar: lookup
  48. Ribeiro MG, Lara GHB, da Silva P, Franco MMJ, de Mattos-Guaraldi AL, de Vargas APC, Sakate RI, Pavan FR, Colhado BS, Portilho FVR, Motta RG, Kakuda T, Takai S. Novel bovine-associated pVAPN plasmid type in Rhodococcus equi identified from lymph nodes of slaughtered cattle and lungs of people living with HIV/AIDS.. Transbound Emerg Dis 2018 Apr;65(2):321-326.
    doi: 10.1111/tbed.12785pubmed: 29226632google scholar: lookup
  49. Rzewuska M, Witkowski L, Cisek AA, Stefańska I, Chrobak D, Stefaniuk E, Kizerwetter-Świda M, Takai S. Characterization of Rhodococcus equi isolates from submaxillary lymph nodes of wild boars (Sus scrofa), red deer (Cervus elaphus) and roe deer (Capreolus capreolus).. Vet Microbiol 2014 Aug 6;172(1-2):272-8.
    doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.04.020pubmed: 24878324google scholar: lookup
  50. Buergelt CD, Layton AW, Ginn PE, Taylor M, King JM, Habecker PL, Mauldin E, Whitlock R, Rossiter C, Collins MT. The pathology of spontaneous paratuberculosis in the North American bison (Bison bison).. Vet Pathol 2000 Sep;37(5):428-38.
    doi: 10.1354/vp.37-5-428pubmed: 11055866google scholar: lookup
  51. Dvorska L, Parmova I, Lavickova M, Bartl J, Vrbas V, Pavlik I. Isolation of Rhodococcus equi and atypical mycobacteria from lymph nodes of pigs and cattle in herds with the occurrence of tuberculoid gross changes in the Czech Republic over the period of 1996–1998.. Vet. Med. 1999;44:321–330.
  52. Sahraoui N, Müller B, Guetarni D, Boulahbal F, Yala D, Ouzrout R, Berg S, Smith NH, Zinsstag J. Molecular characterization of Mycobacterium bovis strains isolated from cattle slaughtered at two abattoirs in Algeria.. BMC Vet Res 2009 Jan 27;5:4.
    doi: 10.1186/1746-6148-5-4pmc: PMC2640374pubmed: 19173726google scholar: lookup
  53. Salazar-Rodríguez D, Aleaga-Santiesteban Y, Iglesias E, Plascencia-Hernández A, Pérez-Gómez HR, Calderón EJ, Vázquez-Boland JA, de Armas Y. Virulence Plasmids of Rhodococcus equi Isolates From Cuban Patients With AIDS.. Front Vet Sci 2021;8:628239.
    doi: 10.3389/fvets.2021.628239pmc: PMC7947234pubmed: 33718470google scholar: lookup
  54. Didkowska A, Żmuda P, Kwiecień E, Rzewuska M, Klich D, Krajewska-Wędzina M, Witkowski L, Żychska M, Kaczmarkowska A, Orłowska B, Anusz K. Microbiological assessment of sheep lymph nodes with lymphadenitis found during post-mortem examination of slaughtered sheep: implications for veterinary-sanitary meat control.. Acta Vet Scand 2020 Sep 4;62(1):48.
    doi: 10.1186/s13028-020-00547-xpmc: PMC7472580pubmed: 32887621google scholar: lookup
  55. Flynn O, Quigley F, Costello E, O'Grady D, Gogarty A, Mc Guirk J, Takai S. Virulence-associated protein characterisation of Rhodococcus equi isolated from bovine lymph nodes.. Vet Microbiol 2001 Feb 12;78(3):221-8.
    doi: 10.1016/S0378-1135(00)00297-2pubmed: 11165066google scholar: lookup
  56. Szaluś-Jordanow O, Kaba J, Czopowicz M, Witkowski L, Nowicki M, Nowicka D, Stefańska I, Rzewuska M, Sobczak-Filipiak M, Binek M, Frymus T. Epidemiological features of Morel's disease in goats.. Pol J Vet Sci 2010;13(3):437-45.
    pubmed: 21033557
  57. Rzewuska M, Kwiecień E, Chrobak-Chmiel D, Kizerwetter-Świda M, Stefańska I, Gieryńska M. Pathogenicity and Virulence of Trueperella pyogenes: A Review.. Int J Mol Sci 2019 Jun 4;20(11).
    doi: 10.3390/ijms20112737pmc: PMC6600626pubmed: 31167367google scholar: lookup
  58. Kaba J, Nowicki M, Frymus T, Nowicka D, Witkowski L, Szaluś-Jordanow O, Czopowicz M, Thrusfield M. Evaluation of the risk factors influencing the spread of caseous lymphadenitis in goat herds.. Pol J Vet Sci 2011;14(2):231-7.
    doi: 10.2478/v10181-011-0035-6pubmed: 21721407google scholar: lookup
  59. Moroz A, Szaluś-Jordanow O, Czopowicz M, Brodzik K, Petroniec V, Augustynowicz-Kopeć E, Lutyńska A, Roszczynko M, Gołoś-Wójcicka A, Korzeniowska-Kowal A, Gamian A, Mickiewicz M, Frymus T, Petelicka H, Kaba J. Nasal carriage of various staphylococcal species in small ruminant lentivirus-infected asymptomatic goats.. Pol J Vet Sci 2020 Jun;23(2):203-209.
    doi: 10.24425/pjvs.2020.133634pubmed: 32627983google scholar: lookup
  60. Kaba J, Czopowicz M, Ganter M, Nowicki M, Witkowski L, Nowicka D, Szaluś-Jordanow O. Risk factors associated with seropositivity to small ruminant lentiviruses in goat herds.. Res Vet Sci 2013 Apr;94(2):225-7.
    doi: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2012.09.018pubmed: 23089156google scholar: lookup
  61. Czopowicz M, Szalus-Jordanow O, Mickiewicz M, Moroz A, Witkowski L, Markowska-Daniel I, Stefaniak T, Bagnicka E, Kaba J. Haptoglobin and serum amyloid A in goats with clinical form of caprine arthritis-encephalitis.. Small Rumin. Res. 2017;156:73–77.
    doi: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2017.09.013google scholar: lookup
  62. Potarniche AV, Cerbu CG, Czopowicz M, Szalus-Jordanow O, Kaba J, Spinu M. The epidemiological background of small ruminant lentivirus infection in goats from Romania.. Vet World 2020 Jul;13(7):1344-1350.
    doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.1344-1350pmc: PMC7429392pubmed: 32848309google scholar: lookup
  63. Szaluś-Jordanow O, Bonecka J, Pankowski F, Barszcz K, Tarka S, Kwiatkowska M, Polguj M, Mickiewicz M, Moroz A, Czopowicz M, Frymus T, Kaba J. Postmortem imaging in goats using computed tomography with air as a negative contrast agent.. PLoS One 2019;14(4):e0215758.
    doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215758pmc: PMC6478312pubmed: 31013296google scholar: lookup
  64. Szaluś-Jordanow O, Czopowicz M, Witkowski L, Mickiewicz M, Moroz A, Kaba J, Sapierzyński R, Bonecka J, Jońska I, Garncarz M, Kwiatkowska M, Chutorański D, Szołkowska M, Frymus T. Malignant thymoma - the most common neoplasm in goats.. Pol J Vet Sci 2019 Sep;22(3):475-480.
    doi: 10.24425/pjvs.2019.129307pubmed: 31560469google scholar: lookup
  65. Takai S, Ikeda T, Sasaki Y, Watanabe Y, Ozawa T, Tsubaki S, Sekizaki T. Identification of virulent Rhodococcus equi by amplification of gene coding for 15- to 17-kilodalton antigens.. J Clin Microbiol 1995 Jun;33(6):1624-7.
    doi: 10.1128/jcm.33.6.1624-1627.1995pmc: PMC228228pubmed: 7650199google scholar: lookup
  66. Ladrón N, Fernández M, Agüero J, González Zörn B, Vázquez-Boland JA, Navas J. Rapid identification of Rhodococcus equi by a PCR assay targeting the choE gene.. J Clin Microbiol 2003 Jul;41(7):3241-5.
    doi: 10.1128/JCM.41.7.3241-3245.2003pmc: PMC165360pubmed: 12843070google scholar: lookup
  67. Ocampo-Sosa AA, Lewis DA, Navas J, Quigley F, Callejo R, Scortti M, Leadon DP, Fogarty U, Vazquez-Boland JA. Molecular epidemiology of Rhodococcus equi based on traA, vapA, and vapB virulence plasmid markers.. J Infect Dis 2007 Sep 1;196(5):763-9.
    doi: 10.1086/519688pubmed: 17674320google scholar: lookup
  68. Oldfield C, Bonella H, Renwick L, Dodson HI, Alderson G, Goodfellow M. Rapid determination of vapA/vapB genotype in Rhodococcus equi using a differential polymerase chain reaction method.. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2004 May;85(4):317-26.
    doi: 10.1023/B:ANTO.0000020383.66622.4dpubmed: 15031644google scholar: lookup

Citations

This article has been cited 7 times.
  1. Motallebirad T, Mardanshah O, Safarabadi M, Ghaffari K, Orouji MA, Abedi B, Azadi D. Screening, molecular identification, population diversity, and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Actinomycetes species isolated from meat and meat products of slaughterhouses, restaurants, and meat stores of a developing country, Iran.. Front Microbiol 2023;14:1134368.
    doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1134368pubmed: 37520382google scholar: lookup
  2. Rakowska A, Marciniak-Karcz A, Bereznowski A, Cywińska A, Żychska M, Witkowski L. Less Typical Courses of Rhodococcus equi Infections in Foals.. Vet Sci 2022 Oct 31;9(11).
    doi: 10.3390/vetsci9110605pubmed: 36356082google scholar: lookup
  3. Borham M, Oreiby A, El-Gedawy A, Hegazy Y, Khalifa HO, Al-Gaabary M, Matsumoto T. Review on Bovine Tuberculosis: An Emerging Disease Associated with Multidrug-Resistant Mycobacterium Species.. Pathogens 2022 Jun 21;11(7).
    doi: 10.3390/pathogens11070715pubmed: 35889961google scholar: lookup
  4. Sting R, Schwabe I, Kieferle M, Münch M, Rau J. Fatal Infection in an Alpaca (Vicugna pacos) Caused by Pathogenic Rhodococcus equi.. Animals (Basel) 2022 May 19;12(10).
    doi: 10.3390/ani12101303pubmed: 35625149google scholar: lookup
  5. Buchera FS, Silago V, Japhet G, Mtemisika CI, Damiano P, Nyawale HA, Mushi MF, Mirambo MM, Seni J, Mshana SE. Predominance of Other Pathogenic Bacteria among Presumptive Tuberculosis Cases Attending Tuberculosis Clinics in Mwanza, Tanzania: A Cross-Sectional Laboratory-Based Study.. Microorganisms 2022 Mar 25;10(4).
    doi: 10.3390/microorganisms10040703pubmed: 35456756google scholar: lookup
  6. Radulski Ł, Krajewska-Wędzina M, Lipiec M, Szulowski K. Infection of a Free-Living Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) with a Bacterium from the Mycobacterium kansasii Complex.. Animals (Basel) 2022 Apr 8;12(8).
    doi: 10.3390/ani12080964pubmed: 35454211google scholar: lookup
  7. Nielsen SS, Bicout DJ, Calistri P, Canali E, Drewe JA, Garin-Bastuji B, Gonzales Rojas JL, Gortázar C, Herskin M, Michel V, Miranda Chueca MÁ, Padalino B, Pasquali P, Roberts HC, Spoolder H, Ståhl K, Velarde A, Viltrop A, Winckler C, Baldinelli F, Broglia A, Kohnle L, Alvarez J. Assessment of listing and categorisation of animal diseases within the framework of the Animal Health Law (Regulation (EU) No 2016/429): antimicrobial-resistant Rhodococcus equi in horses.. EFSA J 2022 Feb;20(2):e07081.
    doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7081pubmed: 35136423google scholar: lookup
Subscribe to our newsletter
Join 99,357 horse owners like you who receive our email updates on horse health and nutrition.