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Transboundary and emerging diseases2021; 69(3); 1466-1478; doi: 10.1111/tbed.14113

Rift Valley Fever and West Nile virus vectors in Morocco: Current situation and future anticipated scenarios.

Abstract: Rift Valley Fever (RVF) and West Nile virus (WNV) are two important emerging Arboviruses transmitted by Aedes and Culex mosquitoes, typically Ae. caspius, Ae. detritus and Cx. pipiens in temperate regions. In Morocco, several outbreaks of WNV (1996, 2003 and 2010), affecting horses mostly, have been reported in north-western regions resulting in the death of 55 horses and one person cumulatively. Serological evidence of WNV local circulation, performed one year after the latest outbreak, revealed WNV neutralizing bodies in 59 out of 499 tested participants (El Rhaffouli et al., 2012). The country also shares common borders with northern Mauritania, where RVF is often documented. Human movement, livestock trade, climate changes and the availability of susceptible mosquito vectors are expected to increase the spread of these diseases in the country. Thus, in this study, we gathered a data set summarizing occurrences of Ae. caspius, Ae. detritus and Cx. pipiens in the country, and generated model prediction for their potential distribution under both current and future (2050) climate conditions, as a proxy to identify regions at-risk of RVF and WNV probable expansion. We found that the north-western regions (where the population is most concentrated), specifically along the Atlantic coastline, are highly suitable for Ae. caspius, Ae. detritus and Cx. pipiens, under present-day conditions. Future model scenarios anticipated possible range changes for the three mosquitoes under all climatic assumptions. All of the studied species are prospected to gain new areas that are currently not suitable, even under the most optimist scenario, thus placing additional human populations at risk. Our maps and predictions offer an opportunity to strategically target surveillance and control programmes. Public health officials, entomological surveillance and control delegation must augment efforts and continuously monitor these areas to reduce and minimize human infection risk.
© 2021 Wiley-VCH GmbH.
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Publication Date: 2021-05-05 PubMed ID: 33876581DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14113Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research article focuses on understanding the potential distribution of the mosquitoes responsible for transmitting the Rift Valley Fever (RVF) and West Nile virus (WNV) in Morocco under current and future climate conditions. The study identifies regions at-risk of these diseases’ probable expansion and suggests strategies for targeted surveillance and control programs.

Understanding the focus of the research

  • RVF and WNV are emerging Arboviruses, transmitted by Aedes and Culex mosquitoes, specifically Ae. caspius, Ae. detritus and Cx. pipiens in temperate regions.
  • In Morocco, several outbreaks of WNV affecting horses have been reported, leading to concerns about an increase in the spread of these diseases due to human movement, livestock trade, climate changes and the availability of susceptible mosquito vectors.

Methods of research

  • The researchers gathered data on occurrences of Ae. caspius, Ae. detritus and Cx. pipiens in Morocco and used model predictions to determine their potential distribution under both current and future climate conditions (2050).
  • This information was used as a proxy to identify regions at risk of RVF and WNV probable expansion in the country.

Findings of the research

  • Results show that the north-western regions of Morocco, particularly along the Atlantic coastline, which are densely populated, are highly suitable for Ae. caspius, Ae. detritus and Cx. pipiens under present-day conditions.
  • Future model scenarios predict possible range changes for the mosquitoes under all climatic assumptions.
  • All of the studied species are expected to gain new areas, which are currently unsuitable, thus placing additional human populations at risk.

Implications of the research

  • The research provides valuable information for public health officials and entomological surveillance and control delegation.
  • By identifying regions at risk, authorities can strategically target surveillance and control programs, intensifying efforts and continuously monitoring these areas to reduce and minimize the risk of human infection.

Cite This Article

APA
Outammassine A, Zouhair S, Loqman S. (2021). Rift Valley Fever and West Nile virus vectors in Morocco: Current situation and future anticipated scenarios. Transbound Emerg Dis, 69(3), 1466-1478. https://doi.org/10.1111/tbed.14113

Publication

Transboundary and emerging diseases
ISSN: 1865-1682
NlmUniqueID: 101319538
Country: Germany
Language: English
Volume: 69
Issue: 3
Pages: 1466-1478

Researcher Affiliations

Outammassine, Abdelkrim
  • Laboratoire de Lutte contre les Maladies Infectieuses, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco.
Zouhair, Said
  • Laboratoire de Lutte contre les Maladies Infectieuses, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco.
  • Laboratory of Bacteriology-Virology, Avicienne Hospital Military, Marrakech, Morocco.
Loqman, Souad
  • Laboratoire de Lutte contre les Maladies Infectieuses, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco.

MeSH Terms

  • Aedes
  • Animals
  • Culex
  • Horse Diseases
  • Horses
  • Humans
  • Insect Vectors
  • Morocco / epidemiology
  • Rift Valley Fever / epidemiology
  • Rift Valley fever virus
  • West Nile Fever / epidemiology
  • West Nile Fever / veterinary
  • West Nile virus

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Citations

This article has been cited 4 times.
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