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Home / Equine Research Bank / Equine Vet J / Risk factors for a first episode of primary uveitis in the U...
Equine veterinary journal2022; 55(1); 42-47; doi: 10.1111/evj.13576

Risk factors for a first episode of primary uveitis in the UK and proportion of cases that experience recurrence following this first episode.

Abstract: Risk factors for a first episode of primary uveitis in horses have not been determined. In addition, disease progression and the proportion of horses that develop recurrence following the original episode are not known. Objective: To determine the risk factors for the development of a first episode of primary uveitis in horses in the UK and to document the proportion of cases that experience recurrence following this first episode. Methods: Prospective case-control longitudinal study. Methods: Horses with a first episode of primary uveitis between July 2014 and August 2018 were recruited to the study. For each case, two controls were selected. A questionnaire was completed for each horse and multivariable logistic regression analysis was carried out to identify associations between horse and management-level variables and the risk of uveitis. Each case was then followed longitudinally to determine the rate of recurrence of uveitis. Results: Twenty-three cases and 46 controls were recruited. Being close to a pig farm (OR 27.8, CI 1.31-592.06) and a recent history of flooding of the pasture (OR 15.43, CI 2.80-84.98) was associated with increased risk of uveitis. Being in the same owner's possession for a longer amount of time had a protective effect (OR 0.79, CI 0.68-0.93). Horses recovered uneventfully following treatment and showed no evidence of recurrence in 59.1% of the cases (n = 13). In five horses (22.7%), the initial episode of uveitis could not be controlled and required surgical therapy. Recurrence was observed in four horses (18.2%). Conclusions: Small sample size. Recall bias from owners for some of the data. Possibility of selection bias. Conclusions: Clinicians can use this information to identify horses with increased risk of uveitis and provide advice to the owners of these horses. The proportion of cases that experience recurrence appears low in the UK. Unassigned: Risikofaktoren für eine erste Episode einer primären Uveitis bei Pferden sind noch nicht bestimmt. Des Weiteren sind das Fortschreiten der Krankheit und der Anteil der Pferde, die nach der ersten Episode ein Rezidiv entwickeln, nicht bekannt. Unassigned: Risikofaktoren für die Entwicklung einer ersten Episode der primären Uveitis bei Pferden aus Großbritannien ermitteln und den Anteil der Fälle zu dokumentieren, bei denen es nach dieser ersten Episode zu einem Rezidiv kommt. Methods: Longitudinale prospektive Fall-Kontroll Studie. Methods: Pferde mit einer ersten Episode einer primären Uveitis zwischen Juli 2014 und August 2018 in die Studie aufgenommen. Für jeden Fall, wurden zwei Kontrollpferde ausgewählt. Für jedes Pferd wurde ein Fragebogen ausgefüllt und eine multivariable logistische Regressionsanalyse durchgeführt, um Zusammenhänge zwischen Variablen auf Pferde- und Managementebene und dem Uveitisrisiko zu ermitteln. Jeder Fall wurde dann longitudinal verfolgt um die Rate des Wiederauftretens der Uveitis zu bestimmen. Results: 23 Fälle und 46 Kontrollpferde wurden in die Studie eingeschlossen. Die Nähe zu einem Schweinestall (OR 27.8, CI 1.31-592.06) und eine zeitnahe Überschwemmung der Weide (OR 15.43, CI 2.80-84.98) waren mit einem höheren Risiko einer Uveitis verbunden. Eine längerer Besitz beim selben Besitzer hatte eine protective Wirkung (OR 0.79, CI 0.68-0.93). In 59.1% der Fälle (n = 13) erholten sich die Pferde nach der Behandlung problemlos und zeigten keine Anzeichen eines Rezidivs. Bei fünf Pferden (22.7%) konnte die initiale Uveitis Episode nicht kontrolloiert warden und erforderte eine chirurgische Behandlung. Ein Rezidiv wurde bei vier Pferden (18.2%) beobachtet. WICHTIGSTE EINSCHRÄNKUNGEN: Kleine Stichprobengröße. Möglichkeit von Erinnerungsfehlern durch die Besitzer für einige Daten. Möglichkeit von Selektionsverzerrungen. Unassigned: Ärzte können diese Informationen nutzen, um Pferde mit erhöhtem Uveitis-Risiko zu identifizieren und die Besitzer dieser Pferde zu beraten. Der Anteil der Fälle, bei denen ein Rezidiv auftritt, scheint im Vereinigten Königreich gering zu sein.
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Publication Date: 2022-04-04 PubMed ID: 35305037DOI: 10.1111/evj.13576Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

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The research article investigates the risk factors that contribute to the first occurrence of primary uveitis in horses in the UK and tracks the proportion of horses that experienced a recurrence after the first episode.

Research Objective and Methods

  • The researchers aimed to determine the factors that increased the risk of a first episode of primary uveitis in UK horses. They also wanted to document the number of cases that experienced a recurrence after this first episode.
  • They conducted a prospective case-control longitudinal study, recruiting horses that experienced a first episode of primary uveitis between July 2014 and August 2018. For every case, two controls were chosen.
  • A questionnaire was completed for every horse, and multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to nail down associations between horse and management-level variables and the risk of uveitis.
  • Each case was then followed longitudinally to ascertain the rate of recurrence of uveitis.

Results and Conclusions

  • The study involved twenty-three cases and 46 controls. If a horse was near a pig farm (with the odds ratio at 27.8) or if the pasture had recently experienced flooding, the horse was found to be at an increased risk of uveitis.
  • Providing horses with a stable ownership for an extended amount of time was found to have a protective effect (odds ratio 0.79) and reduced the risk of uveitis.
  • Upon treatment, 59.1% of the cases showed no signs of recurrence. However, for 22.7% of the horses, the first episode of uveitis couldn’t be controlled and required surgical therapy. Recurrence was observed in 18.2% of the horses.
  • The study concluded that the small sample size, potential recall bias from owners for certain data, and the possibility of selection bias were limitations that should be accounted for.
  • Nonetheless, the findings can help clinicians in identifying horses at an elevated risk of uveitis and in advising their owners accordingly.
  • The report suggests that the proportion of horses experiencing recurrence of uveitis in the UK appears to be low.

Cite This Article

APA
Malalana F, Ireland JL, Pinchbeck GL, McGowan CM. (2022). Risk factors for a first episode of primary uveitis in the UK and proportion of cases that experience recurrence following this first episode. Equine Vet J, 55(1), 42-47. https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.13576

Publication

Equine veterinary journal
ISSN: 2042-3306
NlmUniqueID: 0173320
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 55
Issue: 1
Pages: 42-47

Researcher Affiliations

Malalana, Fernando
  • Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK.
Ireland, Joanne L
  • Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK.
Pinchbeck, Gina L
  • Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK.
McGowan, Catherine M
  • Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK.

MeSH Terms

  • Horses
  • Animals
  • Swine
  • Leptospira
  • Leptospirosis / veterinary
  • Horse Diseases / epidemiology
  • Horse Diseases / etiology
  • Longitudinal Studies
  • Uveitis / epidemiology
  • Uveitis / veterinary
  • Risk Factors
  • United Kingdom / epidemiology
  • Swine Diseases

References

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