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Home / Equine Research Bank / Equine Vet J Suppl / Risk factors for exercise-induced pulmonary haemorrhage in T...
Equine veterinary journal. Supplement2011; (38); 228-234; doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2010.00245.x

Risk factors for exercise-induced pulmonary haemorrhage in Thoroughbred racehorses.

Abstract: Risk factors for occult exercise-induced pulmonary haemorrhage (EIPH) are poorly defined or quantified. Objective: To investigate the importance of putative risk factors for EIPH amongst Thoroughbred racehorses in Australia. Methods: Tracheobronchoscopy was used to determine EIPH status of 744 Thoroughbred racehorses after flat racing in Melbourne, Australia. Horses were identified for study before racing, and over 50% of horses racing during the study period were examined. Statistical analysis included use of bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis to account for simultaneous effects of a large number of variables. Results: The only risk factor identified as associated with both EIPH ≥ 1 or ≥ 2 was ambient temperature, with horses racing at temperatures <20 °C being at ∼ 2 times risk of occult EIPH. There was no association of EIPH with age, sex, weight carried, track hardness, speed of racing, or air quality. Conclusions: There do not appear to be individual risk factors, amongst those examined in this study, that are strongly associated with EIPH. Conclusions: The risk of developing EIPH cannot be readily determined from a combination of age, race speed, race distance, track hardness or air quality. This study does not provide support for the hypotheses that racing on hard surfaces or in polluted air contributes to the development of EIPH.
© 2010 EVJ Ltd.
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Publication Date: 2011-05-27 PubMed ID: 21059011DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2010.00245.xGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research investigated potential risk factors for exercise-induced pulmonary haemorrhage (EIPH) in Thoroughbred racehorses in Australia. The only identified risk factor was ambient temperature, with no significant associations found with age, sex, race conditions, or air quality.

Methods of the Study

  • The researchers conducted this study on Thoroughbred racehorses in Melbourne, Australia.
  • Tracheobronchoscopy, a procedure that allows examination of the horse’s airway, was used to determine the EIPH status of 744 horses after flat racing. This method helped researchers to ascertain whether the horses had suffered from exercise-induced pulmonary haemorrhage.
  • Horses were selected for the study before the race and over half of the horses racing during this period were examined.
  • The analysis was carried out using bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis techniques to simultaneously account for a large number of variables.

Results of the Study

  • The results showed that ambient temperature less than 20°C was the only risk factor associated with EIPH. Horses racing in temperatures less than 20°C were approximately two times more likely to develop this condition.
  • The study found no association between EIPH and other examined factors including age, sex, weight carried, track hardness, speed of racing, or air quality.

Conclusions of the Study

  • The findings suggest that there are no individual risk factors, amongst those examined in this study, strongly associated with EIPH.
  • The study concluded that the risk of developing EIPH could not be readily determined from a combination of age, race speed, race distance, track hardness, or air quality.
  • The study also found no support for the premises that racing on hard surfaces or in polluted air contributes to the development of EIPH.

Cite This Article

APA
Hinchcliff KW, Morley PS, Jackson MA, Brown JA, Dredge AF, O'Callaghan PA, McCaffrey JP, Slocombe RF, Clarke AF. (2011). Risk factors for exercise-induced pulmonary haemorrhage in Thoroughbred racehorses. Equine Vet J Suppl(38), 228-234. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3306.2010.00245.x

Publication

Equine veterinary journal. Supplement
NlmUniqueID: 9614088
Country: United States
Language: English
Issue: 38
Pages: 228-234

Researcher Affiliations

Hinchcliff, K W
  • School of Veterinary Science, University of Melbourne, Princes Highway, Werribee, Victoria, Australia. hkw@unimelb.edu.au
Morley, P S
    Jackson, M A
      Brown, J A
        Dredge, A F
          O'Callaghan, P A
            McCaffrey, J P
              Slocombe, R F
                Clarke, A F

                  MeSH Terms

                  • Animals
                  • Female
                  • Hemorrhage / etiology
                  • Hemorrhage / veterinary
                  • Horse Diseases / etiology
                  • Horses
                  • Lung Diseases / etiology
                  • Lung Diseases / veterinary
                  • Male
                  • Physical Conditioning, Animal / adverse effects
                  • Risk Factors
                  • Sports

                  Citations

                  This article has been cited 10 times.
                  1. Lo Feudo CM, Stucchi L, Conturba B, Stancari G, Zucca E, Ferrucci F. Medical causes of poor performance and their associations with fitness in Standardbred racehorses.. J Vet Intern Med 2023 Jul-Aug;37(4):1514-1527.
                    doi: 10.1111/jvim.16734pubmed: 37148147google scholar: lookup
                  2. Sugiyama F, Takahashi Y, Nomura M, Ebisuda Y, Mukai K, Yoshida T. Risk Factors for Epistaxis in Thoroughbred Flat Races in Japan (2001-2020).. Animals (Basel) 2023 Apr 14;13(8).
                    doi: 10.3390/ani13081348pubmed: 37106911google scholar: lookup
                  3. Lo Feudo CM, Stucchi L, Stancari G, Alberti E, Conturba B, Zucca E, Ferrucci F. Associations between Exercise-Induced Pulmonary Hemorrhage (EIPH) and Fitness Parameters Measured by Incremental Treadmill Test in Standardbred Racehorses.. Animals (Basel) 2022 Feb 12;12(4).
                    doi: 10.3390/ani12040449pubmed: 35203157google scholar: lookup
                  4. Lo Feudo CM, Stucchi L, Alberti E, Stancari G, Conturba B, Zucca E, Ferrucci F. The Role of Thoracic Ultrasonography and Airway Endoscopy in the Diagnosis of Equine Asthma and Exercise-Induced Pulmonary Hemorrhage.. Vet Sci 2021 Nov 15;8(11).
                    doi: 10.3390/vetsci8110276pubmed: 34822649google scholar: lookup
                  5. Blott S, Cunningham H, Malkowski L, Brown A, Rauch C. A Mechanogenetic Model of Exercise-Induced Pulmonary Haemorrhage in the Thoroughbred Horse.. Genes (Basel) 2019 Nov 1;10(11).
                    doi: 10.3390/genes10110880pubmed: 31683933google scholar: lookup
                  6. Bayly W, Lopez C, Sides R, Bergsma G, Bergsma J, Gold J, Sellon D. Effect of different protocols on the mitigation of exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage in horses when administered 24 hours before strenuous exercise.. J Vet Intern Med 2019 Sep;33(5):2319-2326.
                    doi: 10.1111/jvim.15574pubmed: 31397944google scholar: lookup
                  7. Poole DC, Erickson HH. Exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage: where are we now?. Vet Med (Auckl) 2016;7:133-148.
                    doi: 10.2147/VMRR.S120421pubmed: 30050846google scholar: lookup
                  8. Léguillette R, Steinmann M, Bond SL, Stanton B. Tracheobronchoscopic Assessment of Exercise-Induced Pulmonary Hemorrhage and Airway Inflammation in Barrel Racing Horses.. J Vet Intern Med 2016 Jul;30(4):1327-32.
                    doi: 10.1111/jvim.13959pubmed: 27278854google scholar: lookup
                  9. Couëtil LL, Cardwell JM, Gerber V, Lavoie JP, Léguillette R, Richard EA. Inflammatory Airway Disease of Horses--Revised Consensus Statement.. J Vet Intern Med 2016 Mar-Apr;30(2):503-15.
                    doi: 10.1111/jvim.13824pubmed: 26806374google scholar: lookup
                  10. Hinchcliff KW, Couetil LL, Knight PK, Morley PS, Robinson NE, Sweeney CR, van Erck E. Exercise induced pulmonary hemorrhage in horses: American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine consensus statement.. J Vet Intern Med 2015 May-Jun;29(3):743-58.
                    doi: 10.1111/jvim.12593pubmed: 25996660google scholar: lookup
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