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EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority2023; 21(7); e08182; doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8182

Safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of an essential oil derived from the fruit of Illicium verum Hook.f. (star anise oil) for use in all animal species (FEFANA asbl).

Abstract: Following a request from the European Commission, EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of star anise oil from the fruit (without or with the presence of plant leaves) of Illicium verum Hook.f., when used as a sensory additive in feed and water for drinking for all animal species. For long-living and reproductive animals, the Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) considered of low concern the use of the additive in complete feed at 0.6 mg/kg for laying hens and rabbits, 1.0 mg/kg for sows and dairy cows, 1.6 mg/kg for sheep/goats, horses and cats, 1.9 mg/kg for dogs and 6.5 mg/kg for ornamental fish. For short-living animals, the Panel had no safety concern when the additive is used at 83.3 mg/kg for veal calves, 73.3 mg/kg for sheep/goats, cattle for fattening and horses for meat production, 83.8 mg/kg for salmonids, 24.8 mg/kg for turkeys for fattening, 18.5 mg/kg chickens for fattening, 33.3 mg/kg for piglets, 40 mg/kg for pigs for fattening and 29.3 mg/kg for rabbits for meat production. These conclusions were extrapolated to other physiologically related species. For any other species, the additive was considered of low concern at 0.6 mg/kg. The use of star anise oil in animal feed is expected to be of no concern for consumers and for the environment. The additive under assessment should be considered as an irritant to skin and eyes, and as a dermal and respiratory sensitiser. Due to the high concentration of estragole (≥ 1%), the additive is classified as suspected of causing genetic defects and of causing cancer and should be handled accordingly. Since the fruit of I. verum and its preparations are recognised to flavour food and their function in feed would be the same, no further demonstration of efficacy was necessary.
© 2023 European Food Safety Authority. EFSA Journal published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH on behalf of European Food Safety Authority.
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Publication Date: 2023-07-31 PubMed ID: 37529619PubMed Central: PMC10388226DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8182Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

Background:

  • The European Commission requested the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) to evaluate the safety and efficacy of star anise oil derived from the fruit (with or without leaves) of the plant Illicium verum Hook.f.
  • This oil is intended to be used as a sensory additive in feed and drinking water for various animals, including horses.

Findings for Horses:

  • Long-living Animals: For horses, which fall under the category of long-living animals, the Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) found it of low concern to use star anise oil in complete feed at a concentration of 1.6 mg/kg.
  • Short-living Animals: For horses bred for meat production, the additive is considered safe when used at a concentration of 73.3 mg/kg in the feed.
  • These conclusions were used to make decisions about other animals that are physiologically similar to the studied species.

Other Relevant Information:

  • Consumer and Environmental Safety: Using star anise oil in animal feed isn’t expected to pose risks to consumers or the environment.
  • Safety Precautions: Star anise oil can irritate the skin and eyes and can cause allergic reactions on the skin and when inhaled. Due to its high concentration of a compound called estragole (≥ 1%), the oil is suspected of causing genetic defects and cancer, so it should be handled with care.
  • Efficacy: Since star anise oil and its preparations are already recognized for flavoring food and would serve the same purpose in feed, there was no need to further prove its efficacy.

In summary, for horses, star anise oil is considered safe when used at specific concentrations in their feed. However, care should be taken when handling the additive due to its potential health risks.

Cite This Article

APA
Bampidis V, Azimonti G, Bastos ML, Christensen H, Durjava M, Kouba M, López-Alonso M, López Puente S, Marcon F, Mayo B, Pechová A, Petkova M, Ramos F, Sanz Y, Villa RE, Woutersen R, Brantom P, Chesson A, Schlatter J, Westendorf J, Dirven Y, Manini P, Dusemund B. (2023). Safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of an essential oil derived from the fruit of Illicium verum Hook.f. (star anise oil) for use in all animal species (FEFANA asbl). EFSA J, 21(7), e08182. https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8182

Publication

EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority
ISSN: 1831-4732
NlmUniqueID: 101642076
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 21
Issue: 7
Pages: e08182

Researcher Affiliations

Bampidis, Vasileios
    Azimonti, Giovanna
      Bastos, Maria de Lourdes
        Christensen, Henrik
          Durjava, Mojca
            Kouba, Maryline
              López-Alonso, Marta
                López Puente, Secundino
                  Marcon, Francesca
                    Mayo, Baltasar
                      Pechová, Alena
                        Petkova, Mariana
                          Ramos, Fernando
                            Sanz, Yolanda
                              Villa, Roberto Edoardo
                                Woutersen, Ruud
                                  Brantom, Paul
                                    Chesson, Andrew
                                      Schlatter, Josef
                                        Westendorf, Johannes
                                          Dirven, Yvette
                                            Manini, Paola
                                              Dusemund, Birgit

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