Safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of an essential oil obtained from the oleoresin of Pinus pinaster Aiton (pine white oil) for use in all animal species (FEFANA asbl).
Abstract: Following a request from the European Commission, EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of an essential oil obtained from the oleoresin of Aiton (pine white oil, also known as turpentine oil), when used as a sensory additive in feed and water for drinking for all animal species. The Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) concluded that the essential oil under assessment is safe up to the maximum proposed use levels of 35 mg/kg for laying hens, piglets, pigs for fattening, sows, rabbits, salmonids, 50 mg/kg for veal calves (milk replacer), cattle for fattening, dairy cows, horses, dogs and ornamental fish, 20 mg/kg for cats. For the other species, the calculated safe concentrations in complete feed were 25 mg/kg complete feed for chickens for fattening, 33 mg/kg for turkeys for fattening and 14 mg/kg for ornamental birds. These conclusions were extrapolated to other physiologically related species. For any other species, the additive was considered safe at 20 mg/kg complete feed. No concerns for consumers were identified following the use of pine white oil up to the maximum proposed use levels in feed. The additive under assessment should be considered as irritant to skin and eyes, and as a skin and respiratory sensitiser. The use of pine white oil at the proposed use level in feed was not expected to pose a risk for the environment. Pine white oil was recognised to flavour food. Since its function in feed would be essentially the same as that in food, no further demonstration of efficacy was considered necessary.
© 2023 European Food Safety Authority. EFSA Journal published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH on behalf of European Food Safety Authority.
Publication Date: 2023-04-17 PubMed ID: 37077300PubMed Central: PMC10107389DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.7952Google Scholar: Lookup
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The research article presents the study carried out by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) on the safety and efficacy of essential oil derived from Pinus Pinaster, also known as Pine White Oil or Turpentine Oil, as a feed and drinking water additive for animals of all species. The study concluded that Pine White Oil is safe up to specified levels for various animals, poses no risk to the environment and no risk to consumers, however, it can be irritant to skin, eyes, and cause skin and respiratory sensitization.
EFSA’s Request and Aim of the Study
- The European Commission requested the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) to provide a scientific opinion on the safety and effectiveness of Pine White Oil as a sensory additive for animal feeds and drinking water intended for all species of animals.
Study Conducted by the FEEDAP Panel
- The Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) conducted the study. They set out to determine the safe levels of use of the Pine White Oil in the feed and drinking water of various species of animals.
Conclusions on Safe Levels of Use
- Based on their study, the panel concluded safe levels for specific animals, ranging from 14 mg/kg for ornamental birds to 50 mg/kg for animals such as veal calves, horses, and dogs. The safe level for any other species was established at 20 mg/kg.
Consumer Safety and Environmental Impact
- The study found that the use of Pine White Oil up to the stipulated levels poses no risk to consumers.
- Moreover, the proposed level of use of this oil in animal feed is not expected to cause any significant environmental impact.
The Impact on the Skin, Eyes, and Respiratory System
- Despite its safety when used at recommended levels in feed, the study revealed that Pine White Oil could have a negative impact, causing irritation to the skin and eyes and sensitizing the skin and respiratory system.
Applications in Food Flavoring and Feed
- Pine White Oil has been recognized for its application in food flavoring. Due to this recognition and since its function in animal feed is expected to be similar to its role in food, the EFSA did not consider it necessary to carry out further demonstration of its effectiveness.
Cite This Article
APA
Bampidis V, Azimonti G, Bastos ML, Christensen H, Durjava M, Kouba M, López-Alonso M, López Puente S, Marcon F, Mayo B, Pechová A, Petkova M, Ramos F, Sanz Y, Villa RE, Woutersen R, Brantom P, Chesson A, Westendorf J, Manini P, Pizzo F, Dusemund B.
(2023).
Safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of an essential oil obtained from the oleoresin of Pinus pinaster Aiton (pine white oil) for use in all animal species (FEFANA asbl).
EFSA J, 21(4), e07952.
https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2023.7952 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
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